ʻO Varroa mite control: nā hana kuʻuna a me nā ʻano hoʻokolohua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hives a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pi
ʻO Varroatosis kahi maʻi pōʻino o ka nalo, me ka mālama ʻole ʻia no ʻelua a ʻekolu mau kau, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka pau ʻana o ka pua. Kāhea ʻia e ka Varroa destructor mite. ʻO ka parasite ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nalo, ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻēheu, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā maʻi viral a me nā maʻi maʻi bacteria, ma hope o ka pepehi ʻana i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole naʻe he mea hou ʻo Varroosis no ka mea ua hakakā nā mea mālama pipi mai ka makahiki 1980. ʻO kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā pi mai ka varroatosis.
Nā mea
- ʻO Varroatosis o nā pi: nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka maʻi
- Nā ala no ka ʻike ʻana i ka varroatosis
- ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mahina e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka lāʻau i ka hakakā ʻana i nā mites bee
- Formanins: bipin, anitraz, tactin
- ʻO Varroatosis o nā pi: ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau
- Nā ʻano hana kino
- ʻO nā ala zootechnical o ka hakakā ʻana i ka varroatosis
- Nā hopena no ka pi
- Ka pale ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka pi
ʻO Varroatosis o nā pi: nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka maʻi
Pili ia i ka nalo makua a me ka larvae. I ka wā mua o ka maʻi, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona, no laila ʻaʻole kānalua nā beekeepers i kekahi mea.
ʻO ka nalo i maʻi ʻia me ka mite hibernate maikaʻi ʻole, e ala aʻe ma mua o ka manawa a hoʻomaha ʻole, ʻaʻole e hana i kahi pūʻulu. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai nui a kūʻē i kēia ʻano hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka māka: kiʻi
ʻO nā ala a me nā ʻano o ka hoʻomake ʻana i ka nalo meli
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka laha ʻana o ka varroatosis ma waena o nā apiaries e:
- ʻaihue i nā pi mai nā kolone ikaika a olakino, hoʻouka i nā kolone nāwaliwali a maʻi;
- lele nā pi ma waena o nā hives;
- nā mokulele lele e lele ana i nā hives ʻē aʻe;
- ka poʻe huakaʻi maʻi;
- kalepa i ka moiwahine nalo;
- nā pilina o nā mōʻīwahine a me nā drones i ka wā o ka lele ʻana;
- he mea mālama pipi i ka wā e hana ai i loko o kahi apiary, no ka laʻana, ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pū me nā pua i maʻi ʻia i nā kolone olakino;
- nā pōʻino o ka nalo meli a me nā pūnana nalo, e like me nā nalo, e ʻaihue pinepine i ka meli mai nā hives.
Pehea ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi?
I loko o ka nalo maʻi, ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea:
- kaumaha kaumaha e 5-25%;
- ka ho'ēmiʻana o ke ola e 4-68%;
- pilikia ka ulu ana o ka nalo.
Nā hopena maʻamau o ka hānai ʻana i ka mea luku ʻo Varroa ma ka brood:
- pōkole o ka ʻōpū;
- underdevelopment o na eheu;
- ka make o na keiki.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mites ma ka brood ke kumu i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka metamorphosis, ʻike ʻia nā anomalies hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi i nā pi i maʻi ʻia. No kēia kumu, hoʻolei nā nalo maikaʻi iā lākou i waho o ka hive ma hope o kekahi mau lā.
Pehea ka hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi iā ia iho i nā hōʻailona clinical picture
ʻO nā ʻohana o nā pi i maʻi ʻia e lilo i "palaualelo", a ʻaʻole pono ka hana a ka ʻohana.
ʻO ka maʻi lolo liʻiliʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻohana a hoʻemi nui i kāna huahana.
ʻO kēia nele o nā hōʻailona pinepine euthanizes nā beekeepers ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻohana. A laila ulu manuahi ka heluna parasite. Hoʻopilikia ka wahine ʻo Varroa a me kāna mau keiki i ke keiki. ʻOiai he nui nā keiki i loko o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka varroatosis. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, nāwaliwali ka ʻohana, e hoʻopau pinepine ana me ka pau ʻana o ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā pi e haʻalele i ka hive.
Nā ala no ka ʻike ʻana i ka varroatosis
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka apiary no ka hele ʻana o ka mea luku ʻo Varroa i ka pūnāwai a i ka hopena o ka wā hōʻiliʻili he:
- ka nānā ʻana i ka brood, ʻoi aku ka drone brood;
- i ka wā o ke kau, e nānā ana i nā keiki i hoʻolei ʻia i waho o ka hive a me ka make ʻana o nā pi;
- i ka wā e kahe ana o ka meli, nānā lākou i ka ʻōpū a me nā pi ma nā pū;
- wehe ʻole ʻia i hoʻokahi kakini / mau kakini me kahi drone brood.
ʻO ka ʻike mua wale nō o ka varroatosis ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona lapaʻau hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka infestation parasitic. Inā manaʻo ʻoe i ka ulu ʻana o ka varroatosis, pono e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā laʻana o ka hāʻule mai nā hives a hoʻouna ʻia no ka noiʻi ʻana. Hana ʻia kēia ma mua o ka lele mua ʻana a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka lele ʻana, i loaʻa ʻole i nā pi ka manawa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lalo ma o lākou iho.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mahina e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka lāʻau i ka hakakā ʻana i nā mites bee
No ka hakakā ʻana i ka parasite, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kemika a me nā ʻano biological. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua i ka manawa like.
No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā brood drone i ka wā hiki ke hōʻemi i ka heluna parasite ma ka hive ma mua o 60%. I ka wā o ke kau, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waikawa organik, e like me ka formic acids, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manaʻo he hopena maikaʻi ʻole lākou i nā meaola pi.
ʻAe ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau synthetic wale nō i ka wā hoʻoheheʻe ʻole, i ʻole e komo nā pūhui ikaika mai ia mau mea i loko o ka meli pau.
Formanins: bipin, anitraz, tactin
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole e kūʻē i ka varroatosis, akā ʻokoʻa ka palapala hoʻokuʻu:
- ʻO Bipin - ka mea ikaika amitraz, loaʻa i nā ampoules. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka lita o ka wai - 0,5 ml o ka mea. Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka meli a ma mua o ka hoʻoilo o nā pi.
- ʻO Anitraz - loaʻa ma ke ʻano o ka spray, ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, hoʻomau ka hopena no 2 mau mahina.
- ʻO Tactin ka mea hana o ka amitraz. Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā hives i ka hāʻule.
ʻO Varroatosis o nā pi: ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau
No ka mālama ʻana i ka varroatosis o nā pi, ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hāʻawi ka nui o nā beekeepers iā lākou ma muli o ka palekana a me ka nele o nā palena manawa i ka manawa o ka hanana.
| ʻO ke lāʻau lāʻau | Ka hoʻohana |
|---|---|
| Ka waikawa like | Na ke kino pī ponoi e hoʻopuka i kēia ʻakika ma kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi, no laila ua ʻae maikaʻi ʻia e nā inike. No ka ma'i, he mea luku. Pono ka mahana wela no ka hana ʻana, inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ea ma kahi o 25 ℃. Hoʻohana ʻia ka 100% acid. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa oxalic i ʻelua ala: Hoʻopiha ʻia nā papa i hana ʻia i ka pahu pahu a i ʻole ka lāʻau me ka waikawa, a uhi iā lākou me ka cellophane, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā lua. E hoʻonohonoho i kahi hive ma nā papa. E kau i nā wicks i loko o nā ipu aniani liʻiliʻi a ninini i nā waikawa. Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻakika a pepehi i nā moena moe. Kau ʻia nā wicks ma ka hive ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā papa. |
| ʻO ka meaʻaila Oxalic | Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa oxalic i ʻelua ala: ʻO ka wai paila, hoʻoluʻu a hiki i 30 ℃, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me kahi solution 2% acid, ninini ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōmole ʻōpala a kāpī ʻia i kēlā me kēia kiʻi. Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana i 4 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kau ma kahi ea ma luna o 15 ℃. Hana lākou i nā pū puhi, hoʻohana i 2g o ka waikawa no 12 mau papa. Pono e hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia nā mites, akā ʻo ka mahana o ka ea ma lalo o 10 ℃. |
| ʻO ka wai maloʻo | ʻO ka waikawa lactic, i hana ʻia e ka fermentation o ke kō, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi loa e hakakā ai i ka mite varroa. Eia kekahi, hoʻoulu ia i ka palekana o nā pi, kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ko lākou kino. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi hopena 10% o ka waika lactic, hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i 30. E ninini ʻia ka hopena i loko o kahi sprayer a hoʻoulu ʻia kēlā me kēia kiʻi i loko o ka hive ma kahi kihi o 45 degere mai kahi mamao o 30-40 cm. 2 mau lā. . A i ka hāʻule, i Kepakemapa, ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka meli. |
| Mākala kōpaʻa | E hoʻomākaukau i ka syrup kō: 1 ʻāpana wai a me 1 ʻāpana kō. E hoʻohui i 1 ml o ka lemona essence i hoʻokahi aniani o ka syrup. E ninini i ka hoʻonā i loko o ka ʻōmole ʻōpala a kāpī ʻia ma nā papa. Hana ʻia ka hana ʻana i 4 mau manawa me kahi manawa o hoʻokahi pule. |
| Capsicum | E wili i ka pepa, e ninini i ka wai paila, e hoʻokahe i ka wai ma hope o ka lā a hoʻohui i ka syrup sugar. No ka lita o ka syrup he 120 g o ka pepa tincture. Hoʻohui kekahi i 20 g o ka propolis i kēia hopena. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia hopena me ka nalo i ʻekolu manawa i ka manawa me kahi manawa o hoʻokahi pule. |
| Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaoa pine | ʻAʻole ʻae ka tick i ka ʻala o nā nila a haʻalele i ka hive i loko o ka lā, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka palaoa Coniferous i ka nalo a me ka maikaʻi o kā lākou meli. Lawe lākou i kahi palaoa liʻiliʻi a ninini i loko o kahi ʻeke gauze a waiho i loko o ka hive. No hoʻokahi pūʻulu, lawa ka 50 g o ka palaoa coniferous. |
| Koume | Pono e kanu ʻia kahi mea kanu hou a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻeke gauze, kau ʻia ma kahi kiʻi, uhi ʻia me ka polyethylene i ʻole e maloʻo. I kēlā me kēia lā 3 pono e hoʻololi i nā mea maka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka wā holoʻokoʻa, akā i ka mahana ma luna o 27 ℃ ʻaʻole pono. |
| ʻO ka aila nui Lavender a me ka waiʻona 96 | Pono e lawe i ka waiʻona lapaʻau, e hoʻohui i kekahi mau kulu o ka ʻaila lavender iā ia. Ua ninini ʻia kēia hui ʻana i loko o ka evaporator a waiho ʻia i loko o ka hive ma ke kiʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iā ia no 3 mau pule, e hoʻohui pinepine i ka wai i ka evaporator. |
Nā ʻano hana kino
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā i ka tick ma ke ʻano kino, akā ʻaʻole lākou e pili i nā parasites i hoʻouka i ka brood. Akā, no nā parasites i pili i nā pi makua, maikaʻi loa lākou.
ʻO nā ala zootechnical o ka hakakā ʻana i ka varroatosis
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mites i loko o nā kelepona drone. Maikaʻi no lākou, kau nā beekeepers i kahi kiʻi me kahi ʻāpana kumu i lalo i ke kiʻekiʻe mai ke koena. Hoʻomaka ka nalo i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lehu a na ke aliʻi wahine e lūlū iā lākou. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau waihona meli, hiki ke wehe ʻia. Inā hoʻokomo ʻoe iā ia i loko o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, a laila e make nā larvae, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe no ka nalo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻi inā holoi ʻia me ka vīneka.
No ka mea he pilikia maʻamau nā maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka pī, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hana e hāʻawi i nā hives me kahi lalo anti-varroatic. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻupena metala i loko, aia ma lalo o kahi pallet, kahi i wehe ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Ua uhi ʻia ka lalo me ka pepa ʻaila. ʻO ka ʻāʻī a pipili iā ia. A laila pono ʻoe e wehe i ka pā, wehe a puhi i ka pepa me ka tick.
ʻO Pseudoscorpions nā arachnids liʻiliʻi e ulu ana a hiki i 5 mm ka lōʻihi. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea kaua olaola maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i nā mite i loko o ka nalo meli, a no ka luku ʻana i nā parasite liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Inā noho nā moʻo huelo ʻawaʻawa i loko o kahi hive, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e hana ʻino i ka nalo, a hoʻolauna pū kekahi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā moʻo huelo hewa i loaʻa i loko o ka hive e luku ai i ke kolo o nā ticks. Pono ʻia kahi ʻenehana hou e hānai i nā moʻo huelo hewa ma waho o nā hives e hoʻonui i ko lākou heluna kanaka e neʻe i loko o ka hive. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kemika e luku i ka varroatosis.
Nā hopena no ka pi
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e mālama iā Varroatosis a ʻike ʻole i ka maʻi i ka manawa, a laila e make nā pi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopakele ʻaʻole hoʻokahi pūʻulu wale nō, akā ʻo ka apiary holoʻokoʻa.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka hakakā ʻana i ka tick mai ka manawa āu e hoʻoholo ai e kiʻi i ka nalo.
Ka pale ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka pi
Hiki i nā hana pale ke hoʻemi nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi maʻi.
Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka pi, e hoʻāʻo e ʻohi i kahi apiary ma kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu i makemake ʻole ʻia e ka tick:
- celandine;
- koume;
- sagebrush;
- tansy;
- Maki;
- lavender.
Pono e hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ʻia nā hives e ka lā. ʻO ka mamao mai ka lalo o ka hive a hiki i ka lepo he 0 knm ka liʻiliʻi, a pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi lalo anti-varroatic i loko, ʻo ia kahi mesh kūikawā e loaʻa ai ka ʻōpala. I kēlā me kēia manawa, pono e hānai ʻia ka bee swarm i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā iniseti i kekahi maʻi.
ʻO mua