He kiʻi omo: kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana, nā hōʻailona o ka nahu parasite, kōkua mua a me nā lula lapaʻau

Ke kumu o ka ʻano a me ka wehewehe ʻana

No nā kānaka a me nā holoholona pumehana, ʻo ka ixodid ticks ka pilikia nui loa - lawe lākou i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi loa: encephalitis a me borreliosis.

ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia ke kumu o kēia mau iniseti, akā aia nā hōʻike e ola ana lākou i ka wā o nā mea kolo kahiko a hoʻopaʻa mua iā lākou, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana ua hoʻololi lākou i nā mammals.

Aia ma kahi o 650 mau ʻano o Ixodes i ka honua, akā ʻaʻole lākou a pau i ka pōʻino i ke kanaka. Loaʻa nā ʻelele āpau o kēia ʻano i nā ʻano morphological like:

• he kino palahalaha, oval 3-4 mm ka lōʻihi., me ka inu koko, piʻi ka pest i ka nui a hiki i 15 mm., ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne;
• ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula;
• he 4 mau wāwae o ka poʻe mākua, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā maka.

ʻO nā kumu o ka nahu ʻana o ka maʻi i ke kanaka

ʻO ke kumu o ka tick ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pio a hānai i kona koko, no laila e hoʻolilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola e kali ana i kahi mea hoʻokipa. ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka nahu ʻana o ka tick i nā kānaka:

• nā kipa ʻana i nā ʻāina endemic tick, nā ululāʻau a me nā paka nahele;
• ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i nā lula palekana i ka wā e hele ai ma ia mau wahi: nele i nā lako pale pilikino, nā ʻāpana o ke kino;
• pili pili me nā holoholona (ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mites ma ko lākou hulu);
• lawe mai i nā mea mai ka nahele: pua, mauʻu, halo, lālā.

Pehea e loaʻa ai i kahi kiko i ke kanaka

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ticks i ka ʻike a maikaʻi ʻole paha ia, no laila ke ʻimi nei lākou i kā lākou mea pio me ke kōkua o nā kino sensory kūikawā, e nānā ana i ka mahana o ke kino wela.

Ke kali nei ʻo Ticks i kahi mea hoʻokipa ma nā lau lōʻihi o ka mauʻu, nā lāʻau, aia ma kahi kokoke i nā ala, ma nā lau.

I ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, huli ka pest i kona ala a manaʻo i ka launa ʻana, a laila pili ʻo ia i nā lole a hoʻomaka e ʻimi i kahi kūpono e nahu ai.

Pehea ka inu ʻana i ke koko?

Loaʻa i ka poʻe bloodsuckers kahi mea hana nahu. Me ke kōkua o kahi okana (chelicera) e like me nā ʻoki, ʻoki lākou i ka ʻili o ka mea i pepehi ʻia a, me ke kōkua o kahi spike-like hypostome, hana i ke kaumaha i loko o nā ʻiʻo, e hoʻopiha i ke koko ma kahi o ka nahu. Omo mau ka pest i ke koko e kahe ana.

He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻoki pahū?

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, piʻi nui ka nui o ka tick i omo koko - piʻi ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma kahi o 10 mm. ʻO ka pehu, hoʻololi ke kino o ka ʻaʻa mai ka ʻeleʻele i ka hina. ʻAʻole ʻeleu ka ʻiʻo hānai maikaʻi, hāʻule wale ia mai ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa i ka honua.

He aha ka hana a ka ʻoki ke inu i ke koko?

Hoʻohua hua ka wahine makua māʻona - pololei i ka lepo, lau, a neʻe paha i kahi mamao loa e ʻimi i kahi kūpono no ka waiho ʻana. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi nymph hānai maikaʻi - komo i ka pae molting. He kāne makua, ma hope o ka saturation, hoʻomomona i ka wahine a make.

ʻO nā ʻano o ka ixodid ticks weliweli i ke kanaka

E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ʻaʻole pilikia nā Ixodes āpau i nā kānaka. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koko e lawe ana i nā maʻi maʻi weliweli i helu ʻia ma lalo nei.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā nahu ʻia e kahi kiko

He mea hoʻopunipuni ka poʻe koko koko: ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ko lākou paʻi ʻana i ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ko lākou kohu i kahi enzyme kūikawā e hana ʻole ai i ka ʻeha. No laila, ʻo ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka parasite i ka wā i paʻa ai i ka ʻili. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hana koke.

Wehe i ka lāʻau paʻa

Pono e wehe koke ʻia ka pest, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi.

No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻopili i kekahi keʻena olakino.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana iā ʻoe iho: me ke kōkua o nā mea hana kūikawā a i ʻole nā ​​tweezers maʻamau. ʻO ke kānāwai maʻamau: ʻaʻole pono e huki ʻia ka tick, ʻoki ʻia a hoʻāʻo e huki i waho me ka ikaika. Pono e ʻōwili pinepine ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao a huki iki i luna.

He aha kāu e hana ai inā ʻaʻole i huki ʻia ka māka holoʻokoʻa

Inā hōʻino ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka unuhi ʻana i ka parasite, hiki ke ʻike ʻia e hemo kona kino, a e noho ke poʻo ma lalo o ka ʻili. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e wehe iā ia me ka nila, e like me ka splinter, a i ʻole e hoʻopiha wale iā ia me ka iodine a kali i kekahi mau lā - ʻoi aku paha, e hōʻole ke kino i ke kino haole. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia kahi kaʻina inflammatory a hiki i ka suppuration: inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona weliweli, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka.

E mālama i ka wahi nahu

Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka tick, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka wahi nahu me kahi antiseptic. He kūpono no kēia mau mea:

• iodine;
• ʻōmaʻomaʻo nani;
• hoʻonā waiʻona;
• chlorhexidine;
• hydrogen peroxide.

E lawe i ka māka i ka lab

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe koko i unuhi ʻia i loko o kahi pahu me kahi poʻi paʻa a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi keʻena hana kūikawā i mea e ʻike ai i kona maʻi me nā maʻi. Ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana no ka nānā ʻana, ʻae ʻia ka insect e mālama i loko o ka friji a hiki i 48 mau hola.

Hāʻawi i ke koko e ʻike i nā antibodies

Aia kekahi loiloi kūikawā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke alo o nā antibodies encephalitis i loko o ke koko. ʻO ke ʻano o ia mau antibodies e ʻōlelo i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi o ka encephalitis.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e lawe i kēlā ʻano loiloi ma hope koke o ka nahu ʻana: ʻike ʻia nā antibodies IgG kūikawā i ka maʻi encephalitis tick-borne ma ka lā 10-14 a ma mua.

Hiki lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma ka hopena o ka mahina a noho ma kēia pae no 2 a 6 mau mahina ma hope o ka maʻi.

Hana i ka immunotherapy e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke kauka

Inā ʻike ʻia he mea lawe ka parasite i ka maʻi, a i ʻole he mau hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, e kuhikuhi ka mea mālama ola i ka immunotherapy, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka immunoglobulin kanaka. Pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia kēlā ʻano lapaʻau i ko mākou ʻāina me ka uku ʻole i loko o ke ʻano o ka ʻinikua olakino koi. Hiki ke loaʻa ka immunoglobulin me ka uku ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o VHI a me kekahi mau ʻano o nā kamaʻāina.

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka nahu ʻana o ka tick i ke kanaka

ʻO ka pane ʻana i ka nahu o ka tick he kanaka hoʻokahi wale nō a pili i ke kūlana kino o ke kanaka. I ka poʻe me ke olakino maikaʻi ʻole a maʻalahi i nā hopena maʻi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma hope o 2-3 mau hola ma hope o ka nahu ʻana:

• photophobia;
• ʻeha ma nā ʻiʻo a me nā hui;
• hauʻoli;
• nawaliwali.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻike pinepine nā hōʻailona mua ma hope o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole mau pule. ʻO kēia mau mea: ka maʻi poʻo, ke kuni, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko, ka nausea a me ka luaʻi ʻana, ka pehu o nā lymph nodes.

Nā lula lapaʻau

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā i kēia manawa no nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka tick-borne. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia, e hoʻēmi i nā hōʻailona a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka nahu ʻana

ʻAʻohe mana o ka lāʻau antibacterial e kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia maʻi e ka maʻi. Akā e pili ana i ka borrelia, ʻo ia ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi Lyme, ua maikaʻi loa lākou. No ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka borreliosis, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka amoxicillin a me doxycilin. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka dosage a me ka lōʻihi o ka papa e ke kauka.

Nā loina kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka encephalitis

Inā manaʻo ʻia ka encephalitis ma muli o ka tick-borne, ua hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ka mea maʻi i kahi haukapila neurological. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō mua ʻia ka prophylaxis me ka immunoglobulin, ua lawelawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka lā.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Therapy Primary i kēia mau mea:

• anti-inflammatory therapy;
• dehydration e pale i ka edema cerebral;
• hakakā me ka hypoxia;
• ke kākoʻo o ka wai a me ke kaulike electrolyte;
• ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka metabolism o ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena.

Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā papa o ka neuroleptics, physiotherapy, a me ka massage no ka hoʻoponopono piha.

Nā kumu kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka borreliosis

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka maʻi Lyme (borreliosis) i ka haukapila o ka ʻoihana maʻi infectious. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka Therapy ʻaʻole wale i ka hakakā ʻana i ka mea kumu o ka maʻi, akā no ka mālama ʻana i ka hana o nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōnaehana.

I ka pae mua o ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau tetracycline, ma hope, i ka wā e ulu ai nā loli neurological, cardinal a articular, hoʻohana ʻia nā penicillins.

I ka like me ka antibiotic therapy, mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory non-steroidal, inā pono, hoʻohana ʻia nā painkillers.

Nā hopena o ka nahu ʻana o ka tick

ʻO ka maʻi me nā maʻi i luna aʻe nei hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, a hiki i ka make.

ʻO nā pilikia o ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia e ka tick:

• nā maʻi noʻonoʻo (ka nalo hoʻomanaʻo, nā pilikia noʻonoʻo);
• nā pilikia o ka ʻike a hiki i ka coma;
• nā maʻi kaʻa koʻikoʻi: paresis, paralysis, immobilization piha.

ʻO nā hopena o ka maʻi Lyme hiki ke hoʻololi i ka pōʻino i loko o nā kino, ka luku ʻana i nā hono, nā maʻi neurological koʻikoʻi.

Ka pale ʻana i ka nahu ʻana o ka maʻi

Me ke kōkua o nā hana pale maʻalahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi nui i ka hopena o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka tick a, ma muli o ka hopena, ka maʻi me nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka tick:

• hoʻopalekana: ʻike ʻia he ala kūpono e pale ai i ka encephalitis ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pale kūikawā (repellents and acaricides) i ka wā e hele ai i nā wahi e noho ai nā ticks, koho i nā lole kūpono (e pale i ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia, hoʻohana i ka pāpale a me ka puʻu);
• ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe manawa o ka ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala kanu mai ka pūnaewele: he wahi ia o ka puʻu no nā ticks;
• ka nānā ʻana i ke kino a me nā lole i ka wā e hele ai i ka nahele a ma hope koke iho.