Meadow tick: he aha ka pilikia o kēia hahai holoholona mālie, e kali ana i kāna mea pio i ka mauʻu

He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻai

No ka ʻohana o ka ixodid ticks ka ʻano Dermacentor reticululatus. Ma Rūsia, noho ia i kahi alakaʻi ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pinepine o ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi weliweli i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka.

Keʻano

ʻO ke ʻano o ka meadow tick ka mea maʻamau no nā ʻelele āpau o ka ixodid:

• ʻO ka nui o ke kino o kahi parasite pōloli he 4-5 mm, ma hope o ka inu ʻana i ke koko, piʻi ka nui i ka 1 cm;
• ʻO ke kino he oval, pālahalaha, he poʻo (gnatosomes) a he kino (idiosomes), i nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ka hope ma mua o nā wahine;
• ʻeleʻele ke kala, aia kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia ma ke kua;
• ʻoi aku ka elastic o ke kino o ka wahine a uhi ʻia me ka pale chitinous wale nō e ka hapakolu;
• He 4 mau wāwae o ke kanaka makua, he 3 nā nymphs a me nā larvae, ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae me nā kaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
• ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻano o ka ʻaʻa, he mau maka ko nā meadow ticks, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa lākou.

Hoʻolālā kūloko

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana nerve o ka pest he primitive a aia wale nō ka neural tube, e holo ana ma lalo o ka pale o luna mai ke poʻo a hiki i ka anus o ka tick. Haʻalele nā ​​22 aʻalolo mai ka paipu, nāna e mālama i ka hana o nā lālā, proboscis a me nā ʻōpū o loko.

Hana ʻia ka hana hanu me ke kōkua o ka trachea, ʻaʻohe māmā. Hāmama nā puka o ka tracheal ma kahi kokoke i nā wāwae hope.

He ʻano maʻalahi hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana digestive. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka waha a me nā ʻāʻī kohu e alakaʻi i ka pharynx, e hana like me ka pamu i ka wā hānai. Wehe ka pharynx i loko o ka esophagus, a hele i loko o ka rectum. Haʻalele nā ​​kaʻina hana makapō 12 mai ka ʻōpū, e hoʻopiha i ke koko i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ke alakaʻi nei ka ʻōpū i ka ʻōpū o ka rectal, kahi e pau ai i ka wehe ʻana.

Ka pōʻaiaola a me ka hana hou

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka tick i ka makahiki, ʻo ke ʻano o ke ola o nā pae aʻe:

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānaka i nā kāne a me nā wahine. He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO nā mites hānai maikaʻi wale nō e hana hou. ʻO ke kāne, i ka inu koko, hoʻomomona i ka wahine a make. ʻO ka wahine ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, haʻalele i ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa a waiho i nā hua. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke waiho i 500 mau hua.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻano pili morphologically

I ka helehelena, ua like loa ka meadow mite me Dermacentor daghestanicus. ʻOkoʻa ia i loko o nā wahine, ua uhi piha ʻia ka scutellum me kahi ʻano keʻokeʻo, aia nā wahi liʻiliʻi o kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele wale nō ma ka ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana cervical.

Māhele ʻāina

Noho ka meadow tick i nā ululāʻau deciduous a hui pū ʻia o Siberia a me ʻEulopa, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā parasites i loaʻa i nā wahi ʻai a me nā māla, ma nā wahi o ka pipi nui e hele ana, ʻoiai ke kū nei ka pest i nā kahe a me nā kahe. Hāʻawi ʻia ma nā steppes o Ukraine, ma Crimea, ma ka Caucasus, ma Kazakhstan (koe naʻe kona ʻaoʻao hema), ma nā mauna o Central Asia, hema a me Siberia hikina.

Nā wā o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻai ʻai

Kūleʻa loa nā pests i ke anu a ala aʻe mai ka hibernation me ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻōpala mua. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe mua o kā lākou hana i ka wā e hāʻule i ka lā ʻApelila-Mei: i kēia manawa, ikaika loa ka poʻe koko koko ma muli o ka pōloli a hoʻouka i nā mammals nui a me ka nui.

Ma ka waena o ke kauwela, ua emi ka hana o nā ticks - mau kēia manawa a hiki i ʻAukake.

I ka pau ʻana o ke kauwela/ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, hoʻomaka hou ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana; hoʻopau loa lākou i kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau. ʻO nā mākua wale nō ke ola i ka hoʻoilo, larvae a me nā nymphs ʻaʻohe manawa e molt make.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā meadow mites

Ua mālama ʻo Nature i ʻole e piʻi mau ka heluna o nā ticks. Aia nā mea ʻai koko ma ka hope loa o ke kaulahao meaʻai a he loulou nui i loko. Loaʻa nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i nā ticks, ʻai ʻia lākou:

• nā manu (ka nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala, nā starlings, nā mea ulana ʻai tick, drags);
• nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe (nā nalo, nā pīkī lepo, nā ʻupena, nā mea holo lio, nā dragonflies, wasps);
• nā mea kolo (nā moo, nā rana a me nā toads).

ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻino loa o ka ticks he fungal spores e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi o nā arthropods.

No ke aha i pilikia ai ka parasite?

Aia paha i loko o ka kohu o ka meadow tick nā huakō a me nā huakini e hoʻopilikia ai i nā maʻi i ke kanaka:

1. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka maʻi weliweli loa o nā mea a pau e lawe ʻia e ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i ke kikowaena o ke kanaka, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe maʻi e lilo i mea kīnā. Ma muli o ka maʻi me ka encephalitis, hiki mai nā maʻi hopohopo a me ka noʻonoʻo: paralysis, paresis, impaired cognitive a me nā hana noʻonoʻo kiʻekiʻe.
2. Tularemia. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā lymph nodes, ke kuni nui a me ke poʻo, ka pilikia hiamoe. Hiki i ka Tularemia ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ka arthritis, maningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka maʻi me nā lāʻau antibiotic ma kahi hoʻonohonoho halemai.
3. Omsk hemorrhagic fever. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o ka hemorrhagic rashes ma ka ʻili, kahi piʻi nui o ka mahana, ka ʻiʻo a me ke poʻo.
4. Piroplasmosis (babesiosis). Hiki i nā holoholona ke loaʻa i ka maʻi, akā hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i ka maʻi inā e hoʻemi nui ʻia ko lākou pale ʻana. ʻO nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka piroplasmosis e make pinepine, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa. Nā hōʻailona o ka babesiosis: ke kuni, ka wehe ʻana o ka mucous membranes a me ka mimi, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

Nā hana hoʻomalu pest

ʻO nā hana e hakakā ai i ka dermacentor marginatus ua like ia me nā ixodid ʻē aʻe.

Nā hana palekana

I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana o kahi koko koko weliweli, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokō i kēia mau hana pale:

• ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pale i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona holoholona;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole pale no ka hele ʻana i nā wahi noho o ka parasite, ka pale ʻana i nā wahi ākea o ke kino;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā repellents a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insecticidal-repellent;
• ka nānā mau ʻana i ka wā e hele ai i ke kino a me nā lole no ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ticks ma luna o lākou;
• ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻāina mai ka lāʻau make, nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe, e pale ana i ka ʻōpala ʻana o ka ʻāina.

Nā hana hakakā

Hoʻopau ʻia nā hana hoʻopau i loko o ka hale, ma nā ʻāpana a me nā hale lole me ke kōkua o nā insecticidal kūikawā a me acaricidal chemical i ke ʻano o ka lepo a me nā aerosol.

Hiki ke hana kaʻawale a i ʻole me ke komo ʻana o nā lawelawe kūikawā.

No ka luku ʻana i nā parasite ma nā holoholona mahiʻai, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau acaricidal me nā lāʻau i ʻae ʻia e ka lawelawe holoholona.

Ka pale ʻana mai ka nahu ʻana o kahi parasite weliweli

Eia nā kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho mai ka nahu ʻana o ka meadow tick:

1. No ka hele ʻana i nā wahi pilikia, pono ʻoe e koho i nā lole o nā kala māmā - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi parasite ma luna. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻaʻahu, ka ʻaʻahu i loko o nā pālule, a me nā pālule - i nā soka a me nā kāmaʻa. E hoʻohana i ka pāpale (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka scarf) a me kahi puʻupuʻu. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ke kolo mai ka ʻiʻo mai lalo i luna.
2. E hoʻohana pono i ka repellent a me ka insecticidal, acaricidal hoʻomākaukau. Hoʻoweliweli ka mea mua i ka poʻe ʻāhu koko me ka ʻala, ʻo ka mea hope e hoʻopau iā lākou ma ka hoʻopā ʻana iā lākou. No nā kānaka, loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano o nā sprays, aerosols, ointments. No nā holoholona - ma ke ʻano o nā kola, hāʻule i ka maloʻo a me nā ʻōpala.
3. I ka wā hele a ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, pono e nānā pono i ke kino. Koho ʻo Ticks e nahu i nā wahi me ka ʻili palupalu a lahilahi: ka wahi ma hope o nā pepeiao, ma ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū, ma lalo o ke kuli, nā kuʻekuʻe.