Aia nā māka i ka papa o nā arachnids: nā ʻano maʻamau o nā parasites, ka wehewehe a me nā ʻano o nā ʻelele

He pepeke a arachnid paha ka tick

ʻOiai ʻo ke ʻano o waho ua like ka tick me kahi pepeke, ʻaʻohe pili o kēia ʻano iā lākou. No ka papa arachnid ticks, no laila ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kapa ʻana iā lākou he holoholona.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi kūpono o ka ʻaʻa ma ke ʻano a me nā mea e lawe ʻia ana e nā maʻi pōʻino

Ma ka haʻi ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, ​​he nui ka poʻe i hui pū me nā parasite omo koko e lawe ana i nā maʻi weliweli.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kekahi mau ʻano o ka ticks (ixodid pinepine) he pilikia nui i ke kanaka a me nā holoholona, ​​akā naʻe, koʻikoʻi nui nā arthropod predatory i ke kaiapuni.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻaihue kekahi mau ʻelele o ka papa kuhikuhi a ʻai i nā meaʻai mea kanu. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui o nā ticks no ke ʻano a me ke kanaka:

1. ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā kaʻina hana lepo: i ka decomposition a me ka hana kanaka o nā koena organik, hoʻonui i ka friability, pāʻani i ka hana o nā kauoha, ʻai i nā microorganism parasitic a hoʻolaha i nā mea pono;
2. ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka mea kanu mai nā spores o ka epiphytic a me ka parasitic fungi;
3. I loko o ke kikowaena o nā maʻi e lawe ʻia e ka vector endemic, lilo nā arthropods i mea hoʻohālikelike, hoʻokani i ka hana o nā mea lapaʻau kūlohelohe;
4. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mite predatory i ka mahiʻai no ka mālama ʻana i nā pest.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka loiloi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka ticks no ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā unahi i ko lākou hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka pōʻino i loaʻa e nā mea ʻino:

• lawe i nā pathogens o nā maʻi like ʻole o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona: encephalitis, borreliosis, scabies, tularemia, etc.
• hiki i kā lākou mau ʻōpala ke hoʻoulu i kahi hopena maʻi ʻino;
• hoʻopau i ka meaʻai (ka palaoa, ka palaoa, nā huahana waiu, etc.);
• e hoopau i na mea kanu i kanuia, e ai ana i ko lakou wai.

ʻO wai nā ticks

He ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ʻo Ticks o nā arthropods. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia subclass ka nui loa. Loaʻa lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau, noho i ka lepo, nā koena organik, noho i nā pūnana o nā manu a me nā holoholona, ​​nā kino wai, parasitize i ke kino o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona.

No ka papa hea ka ticks?

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, aia nā mites i ka papa o nā arachnids.

He aha ke ʻano o ka māka maʻamau?

E like me nā lālā a pau o ka papa, ʻaʻohe ʻēheu o ka ticks. I loko o nā mākua, he 4 mau wāwae, i nā nymphs a me nā larvae he 3 wale nō.

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka malu o ka holoholona ma muli o ke ʻano: ʻālohilohi, hina, melemele a ʻeleʻele paha.

ʻO ke kino, ma ke ʻano he lula, he ʻano oval palahalaha, uhi ʻia me kahi pūpū chitinous pale. I ka hapa nui o nā ʻano, ʻaʻohe maka, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka lewa me ke kōkua o nā ʻāpana sensory kūikawā.

He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻili wahine?

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ua uhi ʻia ko lākou kino ma kahi liʻiliʻi e kahi uhi chitinous - aia ka pale ma hope o ka proboscis a noho i kahi hapakolu o ka ʻili o ke kino, ʻo ke koena he palupalu a elastic. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hope o ke kumu o ka proboscis he mau māla pore e hana ana i ka hana o nā mea ʻike.

He aha ka nui kiko

Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino o nā arachnids mai 80 microns a 13 mm, me ka hānai ʻana, piʻi ka nui o ke kanaka a hiki i 30 mm.

ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino o ke kō

He ʻokoʻa nā ʻokoʻa o ke kino: he ʻāpana paʻakikī, a ma kekahi mau wahi ʻeleʻele loa. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i ka pest ke hoʻonui nui i ka wā e hānai ai.

ʻO ke ola o nā mites

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele e waiho i nā hua, akā aia kekahi mau mites viviparous. Aia i loko o ka pō'ai ola o nā arthropods nā pae a'e:

• ana;
• larva;
• nymph;
• imago (makua).

Me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mahana wela ʻoluʻolu (+ 15-20 degere), hoʻomaka nā arachnids e hoʻonui ikaika. Ma mua o kēia, pono ka wahine e lawa i ke koko. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana a me ka male ʻana, waiho ka wahine i nā hua. He ʻokoʻa paha kā lākou helu, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka tick.

Hiki i nā wahine o kekahi ʻano ke hoʻomoe i mau tausani hua.

ʻOkoʻa ka lōʻihi o ka pae embryonic ma muli o ke ʻano - mai 5 a 14 mau lā. Ma hope o ia mea, hānau ʻia nā larvae, he ʻokoʻa iki mai nā mākua.

Hoʻomaka nā larvae o kekahi ʻano ticks e ʻimi i kahi mea pio i kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole pono i ka meaʻai. Ma hope o ka molting, neʻe ka holoholona i kahi pae o ka ulu ʻana - ka nymph. I loko o kēia wā, pono e ʻai ka tick i ka ʻai, a laila e puka hou kahi molt a hele ke kanaka i ka pae imago.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana hou

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hoʻomaka ka acarids e hoʻonui me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wela. No kēia, pono e piha ka wahine. Hiki ke hoʻopalau ma luna o ka mea hoʻokipa, mauʻu, lau, a pēlā aku.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hana ʻia ka fertilization me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o ke kāne, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻike ʻia nā larva wahine wale nō, a inā he kāne i komo, he kāne a he wahine.

ʻAʻole koho ke kāne i ka wahine ma kekahi ʻano; Make nā kāne o ka nui o nā ʻano ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Hoʻomaka nā Arachnids e hōʻike i kā lākou hana mua i ke kau i ka wā e mahana ai ka lepo i 3-5 degere. I Rūsia, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia manawa i ka hopena o Malaki a me ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila. Hāʻule ka piko o ka hana ma Mei-ʻAukake. Eia hou, e emi mālie a ke kau ʻia ka mahana ma lalo o nā ticks i kuhikuhi ʻia e hibernate.

ʻO ka heluna kanaka a me ka nui o nā parasites e pili pono ana i nā kūlana o ka wā. No laila, inā maʻalili ke kauwela, me ka nui o ka ua, a he hau ka hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole anu, i ka makahiki aʻe e piʻi nui ka heluna kanaka.

Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka nahu o ka parasite e ke kanaka. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka omo koko a hiki i 15 mau minuke. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi tick e pili ana i ka ʻano. No ka laʻana, ola nā mites lepo i nā lā 65-80, ʻoiai hiki i nā mites nahele ke ola a hiki i 4 mau makahiki.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, hāʻule nā ​​arachnids i kahi kūlana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana - lohi nā kaʻina hana a pau i ke kino a hāʻule ka holoholona i kahi ʻano hibernation.

Ma hope o ke ala ʻana, hiki i ka tick ke hoʻomau i kāna hana ola me ka ʻole o nā hopena i kona kino.

He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ke kō

E like me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā arachnids i ʻelua pūʻulu:

• nā mea ʻaihue;
• saprophages.

ʻAi nā Saprophage i nā mea olaola. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā saprophages he mea pono i ke kanaka, no ka mea he koʻikoʻi ko lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lepo. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā saprophage e hoʻohana ana i ka wai mea kanu i meaʻai, me nā mea kanu pono.

Ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā mau holoholona he parasites, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha nui i ka mahiʻai a me ka horticulture, e luku ana i ka hua āpau i ka manawa pōkole.

Aia kekahi saprophages e hānai ana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili kanaka exfoliated, lauoho a me nā mea huna kanaka maoli. Aia kēia pūʻulu i nā mites lepo (hale).

ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻouka i ke kanaka, ʻaʻole nahu a ʻaʻole lawe i nā maʻi, akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i kona olakino ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi hopena maʻi ikaika. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā Saprophages i nā mites hale ʻai, ka mea e ʻai ai i ka palaoa, ka palaoa, nā hua maloʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ka meaʻai no ka ʻai kanaka.

Hoʻouka nā mite predatory i nā mammals koko pumehana, me nā kānaka, nā manu, a me nā amphibians. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻouka lākou i ko lākou ʻohana - herbivorous ticks. Pili ka pest i ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ke kōkua o kona mau wāwae a laila neʻe me ka manaʻo i ke kahua nahu.

Tick ​​Habitat

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka tick

ʻO nā Arthropods kekahi o nā kūlana hope loa i ke kaulahao meaʻai, no laila nui nā ʻano mea hoʻohana iā lākou i meaʻai.

ʻO nā ʻenemi ma ke ʻano no lākou:

• nā nalu;
• nā rana;
• kika;
• manu;
• nā nalo;
• lipe

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ticks

Ma ka huina, ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 50 tausani mau ʻano arachnids. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e parasitize i ke kanaka, nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO kēia ka papa inoa o nā ʻano ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻokipa.

ʻO nā ʻōpala e hoʻomake i nā holoholona

Pili nā ʻohana Argasidae a me Ixodes i nā holoholona. Hoʻopiʻi nā pests i kahi holoholona, ​​hānai i kona koko, hoʻopili i nā maʻi maʻi, hoʻoulu i nā hopena maʻi a me ka nāwaliwali o ke kino. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻano:

ʻO nā ʻōpala e hoʻomake i ke kanaka

ʻO kēia nā ʻano pilikia i ke kanaka:

ʻO ka maʻi parasitic i nā mea kanu

ʻO ka pōʻino i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i hana ʻia e nā ʻelele o ke kauoha acariform, i waena o nā mites mai ka superfamily Tetranych mites e hoʻopilikia nui ai i nā mea kanu. ʻO ia mau parasites nā ʻano ʻano o nā ticks:

• ʻupena cobweb;
• palahalaha;
• gallic.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā ticks o nā ʻano like ʻole

E like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o kēia mau arthropods, he mea maʻamau ka māhele ʻana iā lākou i 3 superorders: parasitomorphic, acarimorphic, a me saprophage. Aia ma lalo iho kahi wehewehe o kekahi mau ʻano mite maʻamau.

Pehea ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi tick i ke kanaka

ʻO nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka ʻaʻa

ʻAʻole lawe kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā maʻi maʻi weliweli, akā kiʻekiʻe ka pākēneka o kēlā mau maʻi. ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau i lawe ʻia e nā ticks i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo nei.

ʻO ka encephalitis viral i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne

He ma'i lele e pili ana i ka lolo. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻamau a weliweli o nā mea a pau i lawe ʻia e ka ʻaʻa. ʻO ka mea kumu o ka maʻi he arbovirus, i hoʻoili ʻia i ke kino o ke kanaka i ka manawa o ka nahu.

Hiki ke maʻi ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiū maka mai nā kao a me nā hipa.

ʻO ka manawa incubation he 10-14 mau lā, i kekahi mau manawa he 60 mau lā. E like me ke kānāwai, hoʻomaka ka maʻi me ka piʻi nui o ka mahana i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi - 39-39,5 degere. Aia nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe:

• ke anu, ke kuni;
• ʻo ke poʻo nui ma ka ʻāpana occipital;
• nāwaliwali maʻamau, lethargy;
• nāuʻa a me ka luaʻi.
• nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo;
• ka helu o ka ʻili o ka maka a me ka ʻāʻī;
• ʻeha hope lalo.

ʻO ka wānana o ka maʻi e pili ana i ke olakino maʻamau o ka mea maʻi, ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka maʻi. ʻO nā hopena o ka maʻi me ka encephalitis he mau pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nūnū waena a me ka hōʻino o ka naʻau. ʻO nā pilikia koʻikoʻi loa:

• ʻōpū ʻōpū;
• koma;
• uhaki i ka hanu a me ka hana kaa;
• epilepsy
• ka hemorrhage ma ka lolo;
• pilikia o ka ike.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā no ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne. He hōʻailona wale nō ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hohonu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōla piha ʻia, a loaʻa pinepine ka maʻi i kahi hopena make. Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka encephalitis ʻo ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Lyme i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne borreliosis

ʻO ka maʻi kumu o ka maʻi ʻo Borrelia bacterium. ʻO kona komo ʻana i loko o ke kino e hoʻopōʻino nui ai i nā ʻōpū o loko: ka puʻuwai, ate, spleen, maka a me nā pepeiao. Hoʻopilikia pū ʻia nā ʻōnaehana nerve a me nā lymphatic. Hana ʻia ʻo Borreliosis ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a maʻi paha. Hiki ke ma'i ma o ka nahu o ka ixodid tick a i ka waiū paha.

ʻO ka manawa incubation o ka maʻi mai ka 2 a 35 mau lā, a ma hope iho e kū mai nā hōʻailona penei:

• ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻeha hui;
• ke poʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo;
• piʻi ka mahana;
• nawaliwali, luhi;
• wahi poepoe ulaula ma ke kino.

ʻO ka hōʻailona hope loa he hōʻailona kūikawā o ka borreliosis a hōʻike iā ia iho 3-30 mau lā ma hope o ka nahu ʻana. I ka wā mua, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi me nā lāʻau antibiotic, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana, hiki i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi o ka borreliosis:

ʻO ka ehrlichiosis monocytic i lawe ʻia

ʻO ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi he maʻi me nā microorganism pathogenic - erlichs. Hoʻokomo ka bacteria i ke kahe koko a hoʻolaha i loko o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, e hoʻokumu ai i ka ʻeha nodular lehulehu.

Loaʻa ka maʻi ma ka pae kelepona. Hoʻopili ka Foci o ka mumū i ka hana o nā mea koʻikoʻi: iwi iwi, ate, naʻau.

I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, lilo ka maʻi i mau. Loaʻa ke kanaka i ka maʻi ma muli o ka nahu ʻana o ka ixodid tick a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona ʻohana i nahu ʻia e ka parasite.

Nā hōʻailona o ka Ehrlichiosis:

• nawaliwali kino nui, luhi;
• ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino a hiki i 39 degere;
• ke anu, ke kuni;
• ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili;
• nausea, ka luaʻi, diarrhea;
• poho kaumaha wikiwiki.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi e like me ke kolu o ka lā ma hope o ka nahu ʻana. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻailona a hiki i 21 mau lā. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lāʻau ʻo Ehrlichiosis ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic. E like me ke kānāwai, me ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi piha i nā wiki 2-3.

ʻO nā pilikia o ka ehrlichiosis:

Anaplasmosis granulocytic

ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka anaplasmosis ka bacterium anaplasma. Ke komo i loko o ke koko, laha ia ma ke kino, hoʻopilikia i ka hana o nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōnaehana.

Ke hele nei ka maʻi, nāwaliwali ka ʻōnaehana pale, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻano nui o ka mumū.

Ma ke ʻano maoli, ʻo nā mea lawe i ka maʻi bacteria he ʻiole hihiu; ma ke kaona o ke kaona, hiki i nā ʻiole, nā ʻīlio, a me nā lio ke maʻalahi iā ia. Eia naʻe, hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa i ka maʻi wale nō ma o ka nahu ʻana o ka ixodid tick. ʻO ka manawa incubation mai 3 mau lā a 3 mau pule. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana, ʻike ke kanaka i kēia mau hōʻailona:

• ke kuni, ke anu;
• kūlana maʻamau o ka ʻona;
• ka migraine;
• nausea a me ka luai, ka eha o ka opu;
• ʻeha ma ka hypochondrium akau;
• ʻū maloʻo, ʻeha ʻāʻī;
• hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko.

ʻO ka pinepine, he maʻalahi ka maʻi a loaʻa ka prognosis maikaʻi. Hana ʻia ʻo Anaplasmosis me ka lāʻau antibiotic. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia, e like me ke kānāwai, i nā poʻe me nā maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi.

Tularemia

ʻO ke kumu o ka tularemia he lāʻau bacteria. Loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi ma o ka nahu ʻana o kahi tick ixodid a ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai maʻi.

ʻO ka hapa nui, pili ka maʻi i nā lymph nodes, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka mucous membrane o nā maka, nā māmā a me ka ʻili.

ʻO ka manawa incubation he 3-7 mau lā, akā hiki ke lōʻihi a hiki i 21 mau lā. Nā hōʻailona maʻi o ka tularemia:

• ʻāhuehu ma ke kino;
• kuni, kuni;
• ʻiʻo a me ke poʻo;
• ʻulaʻula a me ka wela o nā papalina;
• ka pehu o ka lymph nodes;
• nāwaliwali, haʻahaʻa koko.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻana o ka tularemia ma kahi haukapila wale nō. Hoʻopili ka Therapy i nā ana dezontikation, ka wehe ʻana o ka suppuration, ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibacterial. Nā hopena o ka maʻi:

• hoʻopaʻapaʻa infectious-toxic;
• nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular;
• maningitis;
• maʻi pneumonia lua;
• maʻi ʻāʻī.

ʻO kahi kanaka i maʻi i ka tularemia e hoʻomohala i kahi pale ikaika i ka bacteria pathogen.

Ke kaʻina hana no ka ʻike ʻana i kahi kiko ma ke kino

Inā loaʻa ka parasite ma ke kino, pono e wehe koke ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopili i kahi ʻoihana olakino no kēia. Inā ʻaʻohe pou kōkua mua ma kahi kokoke, pono ʻoe e wehe i ka māka iā ʻoe iho:

• e hoʻomākaukau i kahi pahu me kahi poʻi paʻa no kahi māka mamao a me kahi antiseptic no ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻeha;
• e hoʻohana i nā mīkina lima lima a i ʻole e pale i ka ʻili;
• e lawe i kahi mea hana kūikawā e wehe i ka parasite a i ʻole nā ​​​​tweezers maʻamau;
• hopu i ka tick i kahi kokoke i ka nahu;
• me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōwili ʻana, e wehe mālie i ke koko me ka ʻole o ka huki ʻana a waiho i loko o kahi pahu;
• disinfect ka eha.

Pono e hoʻouna ʻia ka māka i kahi keʻena kūikawā no ka nānā ʻana e hoʻoholo inā he mea lawe ia i nā maʻi ʻino. Inā maikaʻi ka hopena, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka e kuhikuhi i nā hana pale. I loko o 3 mau pule, pono ʻoe e nānā pono i kou olakino a, inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona weliweli, e haʻi koke i kāu kauka no ia mea.

Nā hana palekana

I ka hele ʻana i ke ʻano, pono e nānā i nā kūlana e pale ai i ke komo ʻana o nā ticks ma ka ʻili:

• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomākaukau repellent kūikawā e hoʻokuʻu i nā parasites;
• e hoʻokomo i nā lole o waho i loko o nā pālule, a me nā pūkini i loko o nā pūkini a me nā kāmaʻa;
• hoʻohana i ke poʻo a me ka puʻu;
• hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā lole o nā kala māmā - ʻoi aku ka ʻike o nā koko koko ma luna;
• mai hele ma na ala haiki me ka mauu kiekie;
• hana i ka nānā ʻana i kēlā me kēia 2 hola;
• i ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, e ʻauʻau a holoi lole.