Pehea ke ano o ka enuhe kilika a me na hiohiona o kana hana
ʻO nā lole kūlohelohe i kaulana loa no nā kenekulia he nui. Mahalo i ka enuhe kilika, ua puka mai ke kilika. Ua aloha ʻia kēia lole e nā wahine o ke ʻano no kona ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi.
Nā mea
He aha ke ʻano o ka enuhe silika paʻa: kiʻi
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke kumu
ʻO ka ʻunuhe kilika he peʻapeʻa no ka ʻohana ʻano silika ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Aia kekahi mana i hana ʻia ke kilika mai kahi pepeke i ka makahiki 5000 BC. Ma hope o ka manawa nui, ʻaʻole i loli nui ke kaʻina hana.
I ka hoʻokaʻawale honua, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻinikene "make silk". ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i nā lele mai ka lele ʻana i waho o ka niu - kōkua kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaula silika. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e make ka pupa i loko o ka niu, hiki ke kōkua ʻia me ke kōkua o ka wela kiʻekiʻe.
| ʻEheu | ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu mai 40 - 60 mm. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lele ka mu. Hiki i ke kane ke lele ma kahi mamao loa ke hoomoe. |
| Noho a me ka ai | Noho nā ʻōpala ma nā kumulāʻau mulberry (mulberry). Nui ka poʻe makemake i nā mulberry momona. Eia naʻe, ʻai wale ka enuhe kilika i nā lau. ʻAi ʻia e nā ʻuala i ka lā a pau. Hōʻike ʻia kēia kaʻina hana me ka leo nui. |
| Ka hana ʻana i kahi niu | Ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka pupation, hoʻomaka ka ʻenuhe e ulana i ka niu. Aia ma ka pu'uwai o ka niu ke kaula silika maika'i loa. He ʻulaʻula, melemele, keʻokeʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hue. ʻO ka hapa keʻokeʻo ka makemake. Hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i mea e hana ai i ke kaula o ia kala. |
| Keʻano | ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mu. Ua like ia me ka mu nui. He mau ʻēheu hina nui ka pepeke me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. Nui ke kino me ka villi māmā. 2 antennae lōʻihi ma ke poʻo e like me nā ʻili. |
| ʻO Larua | He liʻiliʻi loa ke ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 3 mm. ʻOiai ʻo ia, ʻai ʻo ia i nā lau a puni ka uaki a loaʻa ke kaumaha. |
| Kaʻina moulting | I loko o kekahi mau lā, hiki mai ka molting i 4 mau manawa a loaʻa kahi enuhe nani, nona ka waihoʻoluʻu momi. A hiki i 8 knm ka lōʻihi, 1 knm manoanoa ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 5 g. |
| Ka hana pae | Aia 2 mau ʻāwae i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ma ke poʻo. Hoʻopau nā ʻeleʻele kūikawā i ka lua waha me ka wehe. Puka mai kahi wai kūikawā mai loko mai o ka lua. I ka lewa, paʻa ka wai a ʻike ʻia ke kaula siliki kaulana. |
| Ka nui | He ʻāhiu a hānai ʻia ka ʻohana. Ma ka nahelehele, hala nā pae a pau. Ma ka home, pepehi ʻia lākou i loko o kahi niu. |
No nā enuhe, ʻo ke kaula silika kekahi mea i hana ʻia i ka niu. Hiki ke cocoon mai 1 knm a 6 knm. He poepoe a oval paha ke ano.
Kūā
ʻO Kina ka ʻāina hānau o ka nalo. Noho nā moth hihiu i loko o nā ulu mulberry ma mua o 3000 makahiki BC. Ma hope mai, hoʻomaka lākou i ka home a hoʻolaha i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hema o ka Primorsky Territory o ka Russian Federation a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Kina e noho ʻia e nā ʻano manu lele.
Ua pili ka noho ana me ka hana kilika. Lawe ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā ʻāina me kahi ea mahana a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ka mahana. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā mea kanu nui.
ʻO India a me Kina ka wahi nui. He 60% o ke kilika a pau. Eia kekahi, he ʻoihana koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina e like me:
- Lapana
- Brazil;
- Palani;
- ʻO Italia.
ʻai enuhe
Makemake ka ʻuhe kilika i nā lau ʻamale.
ʻO ka lau Mulberry ka meaʻai nui. He 17 mau ʻano like ʻole ka lāʻau mulberry. Paʻakikī loa ka lāʻau.
Ua like ke ʻano o ka hua ʻai me ka raspberry a i ʻole ka blackberry. He keʻokeʻo nā hua, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā hua ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula ka mea ʻala loa. Hoʻohuiʻia lākou i nā meaʻai, nā meaʻai, ka waina. Akā ʻaʻole ʻai nā enuhe i nā hua, akā i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale nō.
Kanu nā mea kanu silika a hana i nā kūlana kūpono. Hāʻawi ʻia nā māla me nā lau i ʻoki mau ʻia. Aia i loko o nā lau i loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā kaula silika waiwai.
Mea ola
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hana silika i ke ʻano o ke ola. Lele maikaʻi nā ʻōpala hihiu. Hiki i ko lākou mau ʻēheu nui ke hāpai i ka lewa a neʻe i kahi mamao kūpono.
Hiki ke ola nā moth. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoikaika nui ka evolution iā lākou. ʻeleu nā kāne. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ʻai ke kanaka makua i kekahi mea. ʻO kēia ka ʻokoʻa nui mai ka enuhe me nā ʻāwae ikaika, nāna e hoʻopaʻa i ka meaʻai me ka hoʻōki ʻole.
Ka hana hou
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka enuhe silika ma ke ʻano he pepeke paʻa hiki ke hana hou. Hāpai kekahi mau ʻano i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, ʻo kekahi - 1 mau manawa. Hōʻike ʻia ka wā male e nā lele pōkole o nā kāne. Hāʻawi nā kūlana kūlohelohe i ka fertilization o kekahi mau wahine e ke kāne hoʻokahi.
Nā ʻanuʻu o ka ulu ʻana o ka anunu silika
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, waiho ʻia nā ʻōpala i kahi ʻeke ʻokoʻa a waiho ʻia no 3-4 mau lā no ka wahine e waiho hua. Hoʻokahi paʻa he 300 - 800 mau hua.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka helu a me ka nui e ka ʻano a me ka hānau ʻana o ke kanaka. I mea e paʻa ai nā ilo, pono ka makū a me ka mahana o 23 a 25 degere Celsius. Ma nā māla mulberry, hana nā limahana i nā kūlana i loko o nā incubators.
Puka mai kekahi iʻa liʻiliʻi mai kēlā me kēia hua. He ʻai maikaʻi kona. I ka lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i 2 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ʻai ma mua o ka lā ma mua. Hāʻawi ka ʻai nui i ka oʻo wikiwiki ʻana o ka enuhe.
I ka lā ʻelima, hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻai ʻana. Aia ka mae e hoʻokahe ka ʻili mua i ka lā aʻe. A laila e ʻai hou no 4 mau lā. Ma mua o ka pōʻai hou o ka molting, pau ka ʻai ʻana. Hana ʻia kēia mau hana i 4 mau manawa.
ʻO ka hopena o ka molt e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi mea hana no ka hana ʻana i nā kaula. ʻO ka pae aʻe ʻo ka niu. Oki ka enuhe i ka ai ana. Ua ninini ʻia kahi milo lahilahi a hoʻomaka ka pupa. Hoʻopili ʻo ia iā ia iho. I ka manawa like, ke hana ikaika nei ke poʻo.
Lawe ʻia ka pupation a hiki i 4 mau lā. Hoʻohana ka insect i ke kaula i loko o 0,8 - 1,5 km. I ka hana ʻana i ka niu, ua hiamoe ʻo ia. Ma hope o 3 pule, lilo ka chrysalis i lele a hiki ke puka mai ka niu.
Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻopau ʻia ke kaʻina ola i kēia manawa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻohana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 100 degere. Make nā ʻōhua, akā mau nō ka paʻa.
Waiho ʻia nā kānaka i mea e hoʻohua hou ai. ʻAi ka poʻe noho o Korea a me Kina i nā ʻupena make ma hope o ka wehe ʻana.
mau enemi maoli
I loko o ka nahelehele, ʻo ka insect ka meaʻai no:
- manu;
- holoholona insectivores;
- nā ʻiʻo parasitic.
ʻAi nā mea ʻoki a me nā manu i nā mākua a me nā enuhe. ʻO ka tahini a me ka urchin ka mea weliweli loa.. Hoʻomoe ka hedgehog i kāna mau hua i loko a i ʻole ma luna o ka ilo. Aia ka ulu ʻana o nā enuhe pōʻino e pepehi i ka enuhe kilika. Hāʻawi ka mea ola i ka maʻi i nā keiki maʻi.
He mea weliweli ka ma'i Pebrin. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā microorganism pathogenic. Akā, hoʻokō nā mea hoʻolale silika i kēia manawa i ka pathogen.
Nā mea hoihoi
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he hua waiwai nui ka chrysalis make i hiki ke ʻai ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaula siliki kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he huahana protein. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e nā mea holoi kemika ikaika. Lawe ʻia kēia i ka mālama ʻana i kahi huahana silika.
ʻO ka ikaika kūikawā o nā kaula i kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā pale kino.
Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hakakā nā ʻōpala iā lākou iho me nā ʻenemi. ʻAi lākou i kahi mea kanu i loaʻa nā alkaloids ʻona. Hiki i nā alkaloids ke hoʻopau i nā larvae parasite.
hopena
ʻO ka siliki ka mea māmā a nani loa no ka humuhumu ʻana i nā mea a me nā lole lole. He mea koʻikoʻi ka mahi ʻana i ka enuhe kilika no ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina he nui e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā lole waiwai.
ʻO mua