ʻIole ʻeleʻele: no ke aha e hele mai ai kahi holoholona i ke kanaka mai kahi kula a i kahi hale

He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele (kiʻi)

inoa: ʻiole ʻeleʻele
ʻŌlelo Lākni: rattus rattus

Papa: Māmā - Māmālia
pūʻulu: Rodentia - Rodentia
Kaʻohana: Iole - Muridae

	Nā wahi noho:	kihapai a me ka aina mahiai
	Kaha punaewele:	nā mea a pau e hiki mai ana
	helehelena:	ʻO kā lākou mau ʻūhā pono e ʻoi mau, no laila ʻai lākou a hao i nā mea āpau

Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka holoholona

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele mai ko lākou mau hoa hina. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ko lākou kala a me ka nui.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka holoholona

ʻO nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele nā ​​mea ola.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele he 15-22 knm, me ka ʻole o ka huelo. ʻO ka huelo o kahi rodent o kēia ʻano he 7-13 cm ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino a ua uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka holoholona he 130-300 grams.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waha o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka pasyuk, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā auricles. Ua uhi ʻia ke kua o ka holoholona me ka hulu ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele paha me kahi ʻoniʻoni metala o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka waihoʻoluʻu a he ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, aia nā hiʻohiʻona me ke kala o ka hina hina a melemele paha ma ke kua, a me ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka beige ma ka ʻōpū.

Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano

Ma keʻano laulā, ua like nā ʻano ʻiole a pau me kekahi, akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa. Ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele, pono e hōʻike i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona:

• ʻOkoʻa ka ʻai o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele, akā ʻaʻole like me ka Pasyuk, makemake lākou i nā mea kanu. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, ua emi ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāwae a me nā ʻiʻo o nā mea niho o kēia ʻiole;
  

  ʻIole ʻeleʻele.

• ʻOi aku ka thermophilic o kēia ʻano ma mua o ka ʻiole hina, no laila noho ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i ka hale o ke kanaka;
• ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele ma mua o nā ʻiole hina. I nā kūlana pōʻino, makemake lākou e peʻe a hōʻike i ka huhū wale nō i ka wā i kihi ʻia;
• kolo maikaʻi loa kēia ʻano a alakaʻi pinepine i kahi nohona semi-arboreal i ka nahele;
• ʻAʻole hilinaʻi nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele i ka wai a ʻauʻau ʻole.

Noho ʻana

ʻIole ʻeleʻele: he kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kula.

Loaʻa nā ʻiole o kēia ʻano ma ʻEulopa, Asia, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika a me Australia. Ma Asia, kahi e lanakila ai ka ea, he kakaikahi ka iole eleele, no ka mea, o keia wahi kahi noho maoli o ka iole hina.

Akā ʻo ke aniau o Australia i lilo i mea maikaʻi loa no ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i aʻa ka pasyuk ma kēia wahi.

Ma ka mokuna o Rusia, loaʻa ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina mai Arkhangelsk a i ka Caucasus. Ke ola nei ka rodent:

Me ka pasyuk iole hina, me ka mea nui i hoʻohālikelike pinepineʻia, hiki iāʻoe hui maanei.

He aha ka pōʻino o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele i ke kanaka

Ma ka nahelehele, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele i nā kaiāulu kūlohelohe a lilo pinepine i mea pio no nā manu a me nā holoholona. Akā i ka wā e noho ai ma kahi kokoke i nā kānaka, hoʻopilikia ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele i nā pilikia like me ka pasyuk, ʻo ia hoʻi:

• luku a hoʻopau i ka ʻai;
• hoʻopōʻino i nā hale, nā mea hale, nā paipu wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
• he mea lawe i na ma'i koko koko;
• hoʻolaha i nā pathogens o nā maʻi he nui, e like me ke ahulau, leptospirosis, visceral leishmaniasis, salmonellosis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

E heluhelu hou aʻe ma ka ʻatikala: heaha ka poino o ke kanaka mai ka iole.

Pehea e hoopau ai i ka iole eleele

He maalea a he naauao ka iole eleele. Kaʻalo lākou i nā pahele a me nā pahele, loaʻa ka ʻono maikaʻi a honi i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa. No laila, pono e hoʻokokoke i ka pilikia o kā lākou luku ʻana a kipaku ʻia paha mai ka pūnaewele ma kahi ʻano ākea.

Nā loulou i nā ʻatikala me nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī, pehea e hemo ai i ka iole ma ka pa a i hale papaʻa.

Nā mea hoihoi

Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele e nā kānaka mai ka wā kahiko, a i kēia manawa ua hōʻiliʻili nā kānaka i nā moʻolelo hoihoi a me nā mea maoli e pili ana i kēia mau holoholona. Ma waena o lākou aia kekahi mau mea e kahaha wale a haʻalulu:

• ma ka ʻāina o ka Hikina Hikina a me ke Kaiwaenahonua, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena o kēia (a i ʻole kokoke) o nā ʻiole, no ka Pleistocene au a noho paha ma kahi kokoke i nā mammoths;
• ma Kina a me India, ua pili kekahi mea kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia ʻo "Death of Bamboo" me nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele. Aia ia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 48 makahiki, aia ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna o kēia mau koʻokoʻo a ʻai lākou i nā hua ʻohe i hāʻule. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ulu ka nahele ʻohe i ka makahiki aʻe;
• i ka wā maʻi ahulau ma ʻEulopa, ʻo nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele ka mea lawe nui i ka maʻi make;
• ʻO ka holoholona moʻolelo i kapa ʻia ʻo "Rat King" he prototype maoli. Ma nā wahi noho o nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu o nā rodents, i hoʻopili ʻia e ko lākou huelo. I ka manawa like, ua haki pinepine ʻia nā huelo o nā holoholona. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau "pūnana" ʻo "Rat King". Ua hōʻike ʻia ka waiʻona "Rat Kings" i nā hale hōʻikeʻike ma nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole o ʻEulopa. ʻO kekahi o nā "Kings" nui loa i manaʻo ʻia aia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Buchgait, nona nā ʻiole 32.

Nā ʻiole i ke kūlanakauhale (kiʻi o ka mea nānā).

hopena

Paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻiole i ʻike ʻia. He akamai kēia mau holoholona, ​​he nui a hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā mea ʻona he nui. I mea e pale ai i ko lākou hanana ʻana, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka hale maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe. Inā ʻike mua ʻia nā malihini i kono ʻole ʻia, a laila pono e hoʻomaka koke ka hakakā ʻana iā lākou a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ke kūlana.