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Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka Mole?
ʻO ka awelika ola o ka mole he 4-5 mau makahiki, akā hiki i kekahi manawa ke hiki i 7 mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, kakaikahi ka make kūlohelohe i nā mole ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū no ka ʻāina, ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka hana kanaka, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
ʻO ka nīnau e pili ana i ka manaʻolana o ke ola o nā mole he mea hoihoi ia, no ka mea, paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻana i ko lākou nohona lalo. Noho nā mole ma nā wahi like ʻole, me nā mahina ʻai, nā ululāʻau, nā ululāʻau, nā kīhāpai meaʻai a me nā kīhāpai, akā paʻakikī loa lākou e nānā.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻai o nā mole he aʻa a me nā ʻōpala. No laila, noho pinepine lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kīhāpai a me nā kīhāpai meaʻai, kahi e hana ai i ka hakakā me nā kānaka. Manaʻo nā mole i nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma nā ʻāpana he waiwai no lākou. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā mea kanu a hana i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo, mālama iā lākou, no ka laʻana, i loko o nā hale mālama lalo.
Ua koi ʻia kēia mau holoholona e hānai pinepine ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou ʻōpū. ʻO ka nele i ka meaʻai hiki ke alakaʻi i ko lākou make wikiwiki.
ʻO nā mole he mau mea ola. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kauwela no lākou no ka mea he nui nā meaʻai holoholona i loaʻa e like me nā iniseti, ilo a me nā ʻōpala. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki, i ka liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai, huli nā mole i kā lākou waihona i mālama ʻia ma nā wahi kūikawā.
Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ko lākou hiki ke mālama i ke kālā, hana pinepine ka poʻe i nā mole me ka huhū. Ma mua o ka mahalo ʻana i kēia mana holoholona pohihihi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hoʻohana nā kānaka i nā ala like ʻole e luku ai. Hoʻopiha lākou i nā lua i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka drill, hoʻonohonoho i nā pahele a hoʻohana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka hopena, ua pōkole ke ola o nā mole. Hoʻoweliweli hoʻi nā maʻi i ko lākou ola ʻana, no ka mea, hiki i nā mole ke loaʻa i nā maʻi like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha ʻia e nā helminths a me nā iniseti parasitic.
ʻOiai nā pōʻino a pau, noho nā mole ma nā wahi ākea, mai ʻEulopa a hiki i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, e uhi ana iā Asia. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo he mea nui kēia mau mea i ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo. Hoʻoikaika kā lākou hana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen maikaʻi i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu ma ko lākou wahi a puni, e hoʻoulu i ko lākou ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā hua ma nā wahi e noho ai nā mole, koe wale nō ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai lākou i ka ʻāpana maikaʻi loa o ka mea kanu a mālama i loko o kā lākou mau wahi waiho lalo. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻaihue i ke kālika, akamai loa lākou i kēia mea!
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mole i ka ʻōnaehana kaiaola o ko kākou honua a he mea nui e mālama, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻopau kūpono ʻole o nā mole e ke kanaka hiki ke alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna o nā mollusks like ʻole, nā ilo a me nā pepeke ʻino. ʻO ka hopena, e kū mai ka nīnau e pili ana i ka mea nāna e hōʻino i nā kīhāpai meaʻai a me nā māla ʻoi aku - nā mole a i ʻole kēia mau mea ʻino. Pili nā kaiaola kūlohelohe, a pāʻani nā mole i kā lākou ʻāpana i kēia pūnaewele paʻakikī o ke ola, e ola ana no 4 a 5 mau makahiki.
Ka nohona o ka mole
Hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia nā mole me nā rodents, akā he ʻokoʻa ko lākou: ʻaʻohe ʻāʻī ikaika o nā mole e like me nā rodents, no laila koho lākou i nā wahi me ka lepo palupalu e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻeli me ko lākou mau wāwae.
Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mole ke ʻauʻau a hele i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, i hōʻoia ʻia e nā ala lalo i hoʻopau ʻia i mua o nā waihona a hoʻomau ma hope o lākou. Kakaʻikahi naʻe ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā mole ma ka ʻili, a i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai, hana ʻino lākou, no ka mea, ua makapō loa lākou a ʻaʻole maʻa i ke kaiapuni ma waho o ko lākou tunnels. ʻO ia ke kumu e neʻe ai lākou ma ke kolo. Ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou ʻike ma ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ka pōʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā hōʻailona waho o nā mole penei:
- He ʻili ʻālohilohi me ka hulu ʻeleʻele pōkole.
- He proboscis lōʻihi me nā puka ihu ma lalo.
—ʻO nā wāwae mua nui, me ke ʻano koʻi, me nā poho lima e huli ana i luna.
- Nā wāwae hope liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.
— Nā maka liʻiliʻi me ka ʻike ʻino.
- Ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 110 a 170 millimeters a me ke kaumaha mai 60 a 150 grams.
- Huʻu pōkole.
ʻO ka mole nani ma ka lima o ke kanaka
ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ola o nā mole he:
- Hānau nā wahine i ʻehā keiki mai Pepeluali a Mei.
- Ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki, a hiki i ʻeiwa pule, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou i mau mākua.
- Hoʻokumu ʻana i ʻohana hou ma hope o kēia manawa.
Hoʻohana ka mole i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola wale nō, koe wale nō ka wā hānau. Kakaʻikahi lākou e hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi noho a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana tunnel hoʻokahi. Hoʻohana nā mole i nā ʻōpū musk e huki ai i nā hoa a me nā mea pio. No ke ola ʻana, pono lākou e ʻai i ka nui o nā ilo honua, a inā hoʻoweliweli ʻia ke komo ʻana iā lākou e ka pau ʻana, hoʻonui lākou i kā lākou ʻōnaehana tunnel. Hiki i kēia mau tunnels ke ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mika ka lōʻihi a hele mai i ʻelua ʻano: ka ʻai ʻai a no ka hale. Eia kekahi, pono nā mole i ka wai, no laila, hana lākou i nā ala e alakaʻi ai i nā kino wai.
Nā noho o nā mole a me ko lākou ʻano
ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka ʻohana mole e noho i nā ululāʻau lau a ākea. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia lākou he ʻenemi no ka poʻe mahiʻai, no ka mea, ʻo kā lākou ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai e lawe pinepine iā lākou i loko o nā kīhāpai a me nā kīhāpai kahi e noho ai nā ilo honua a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā ʻupena ma lalo o nā pūnana mole ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia like ʻole, e like me ka haunaele ʻāina a me ka puʻu, a me ka luku ʻana i nā mea kanu he nui. Makemake nā mole i ka lepo momona a pale i nā wahi peaty a one.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mole i loko o nā kīhāpai meaʻai a me nā māla māla hiki ke pōmaikaʻi. Hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka lepo, ʻoi aku ka palupalu a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau, a kōkua lākou i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā pests e hōʻino i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā mole, ʻoiai kā lākou hana ma lalo o ka honua, ʻaʻole ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā aʻa i kā lākou meaʻai.
No laila, ʻo nā wahi noho nui o nā mole:
- Nā mea kanu.
- ʻO nā ululāʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau birch ʻōpio a me nā coppices deciduous.
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
— Na wahi kokoke i na alanui.
- Nā pā kīhāpai.
— Na paka kulanakauhale.
ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā mole i nā wahi i loaʻa i ka lā a nui nā meaʻai e like me nā ilo, nā ʻōpala a me nā inike. ʻO kekahi kumu nui ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wahi. Hōʻalo nā mole i nā ululāʻau paʻa, nā ululāʻau pine, nā puʻu a me nā wahi me nā ʻōnaehana kumu ikaika o nā mea kanu. ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi noho e pili pū ana i nā kūlana climatic, nā loli kau a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
He aha nā mole e ʻai ai a he aha kā lākou ʻai?
Ua makemake nui ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka ʻai ʻana o nā mole, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hopena noiʻi ʻo ka meaʻai o nā mole no nā holoholona wale nō. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā mea kanu e nā mole a i ʻole ma o nā meaʻai holoholona e like me nā ilo. Eia nō naʻe, inā komo ka ʻai mea kanu i loko o ke kino o ka mole, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoheheʻe iā ia, a hele wale i loko.
No ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, eli ikaika nā mole i nā tunnel hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pau ʻana o ke kumu meaʻai ma nā wahi kahiko. Inā ʻaʻohe hapa o nā mea ʻai maʻamau, e like me nā ilo, nā ʻupena a me nā ʻōpala, hiki i nā mole ke ʻai i nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa ʻo nā rana a me nā ʻiole.
Ma muli o kā lākou hana mau ma lalo o ka honua, hoʻolilo nā mole i ka nui o ka ikehu a makemake nui i ka meaʻai e ola hou ai. Loaʻa iā lākou ka metabolism kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke ʻai i ka meaʻai i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī (70-140 grams) i ka lā. Inā pōloli loa ka mole, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ka ʻai, e like me ka ilo, ma luna o ka ʻili o ka honua, akā me ka pōloli ʻoi aʻe, lawe ʻia ka mea pio i loko o ka lua a ʻai ʻia i laila.
He metabolism maikaʻi loa nā mole, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻeli koke i ka meaʻai. No ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ʻeli i ka 50 grams o ka meaʻai i loko o 30 mau minuke wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo ka hiki i ko lākou ʻōpū ke paʻa i 20 grams wale nō. Ma hope o 4-6 mau hola ua mākaukau lākou no ka ʻai aʻe, a ma waena o ka hānai ʻana he mau haʻihaʻi ma ke ʻano o nā wā hiamoe pōkole.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele nā mole a emi ʻole ka momona, ʻoiai lākou e ʻeli liʻiliʻi a hoʻemi i ka ikehu.
No ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā lako no ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā mole ke hopu i nā ilo a nahu wale i ko lākou poʻo, waiho ʻia lākou me ka neʻe ʻole akā ola. Hoʻomoe ʻia kēia mau ilo "immobilized" ma nā lālani ma nā paia o ko lākou mau ala.
Eia kekahi, pono nā mole i ke komo i ka wai, a no laila e koho mau i nā wahi noho kokoke i nā kino wai.
Ka hana hou ʻana o nā mole
Hoʻomaka ka fertilization o nā mole wahine a puni ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, a ʻo ka manawa hāpai ʻana he 5-6 mau pule. Ma ka awelika, hānau ʻia kēlā me kēia wahine i nā pēpē 5-6. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻokahi wahine i kaupalena ʻia i hoʻokahi litter i ka makahiki, akā ma kekahi mau wahi, e like me Belarus, hiki i ʻelua mau litters.
Hānai ʻia nā keiki mole e ko lākou makuahine no 4 pule. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, lilo ka ʻōpio i ka huhū i kekahi i kekahi. Ma kahi o 2 mau mahina e hoʻomaka ai lākou e alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka noho nui ʻana o nā kānaka mole mai ka hoʻomaka o Iulai a hoʻomau a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. He wikiwiki kēia kaʻina hana, no ka mea hiki i nā ʻōpio ke neʻe i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 5 mau mika i kēlā me kēia minuke, a i loko o 20 mau hola hiki iā lākou ke uhi i kahi mamao a hiki i 650 mika. Hiki i nā mākua ke neʻe ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, hiki i ka wikiwiki o 50 mika i 20 mau minuke.
ʻEhā mau ʻano mole i loaʻa ma Rusia:
1. ʻO ka mole ʻEulopa (Talpa europaea) ka mea maʻamau e noho ana ma ka nahele o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rūsia. ʻO kēia ʻano mole ka mea nui loa; hiki i ko lākou kino lōʻihi ke hiki i 27 kenimika a me ke kaumaha - 320 grams. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lauoho ma ka huelo no ka hoʻopā ʻana, e hiki ai i nā mole ke neʻe i hope i loko o kā lākou tunnels.
2. Altai mole (Talpa altaica) - loaʻa nui ma Siberia. ʻO kēia ʻano ka lua o ka nui ma hope o ka Europa, hiki i 20 kenimika ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 230 grams. He maka hāmama nā mole Altai, he paʻakikī ke ʻike i ko lākou hulu mānoanoa.
3. Mole liʻiliʻi (Talpa levantis) - noho i ka Ciscaucasia a me Caucasus. ʻO kēia ʻano ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā mole, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ma mua o 11 kenimika a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha ma kahi o 30 grams. ʻAʻole ʻai nā mole liʻiliʻi i nā ilo honua, e like me nā ʻano mole ʻē aʻe.
4. Mole Caucasian (Talpa caucasica) - noho pū kekahi ma ka Caucasus a me Ciscaucasia. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano ke ʻano o kahi karyotype i loaʻa nā chromosomes 38, kūʻē i ka 34 a i ʻole 36 i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He awelika ka nui o ke kino, me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 14 kenimika a me ke kaumaha o 40 a 100 grams. ʻAʻole i mālama maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano, koe naʻe kekahi mau ʻano i loaʻa ma ke komohana o Georgia.
ʻO mua