ʻO nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i nā albatrosses
117 XNUMX XNUMX mau manaʻo
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Ua loaʻa iā mākou 17 ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i nā albatrosses
Nā haku o ka holo ʻana
ʻO Albatrosses kekahi o nā manu nui loa ma ke ʻano o ka ʻēheu. ʻAʻole luhi lākou i ka lele ʻana, e uhi ana i nā haneli haneli mai kekahi kahakai o ka moana a i kekahi, e lele ana. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i nā mahina a i ʻole mau makahiki me ka kipa ʻole ʻana i ka ʻāina. Noho lōʻihi lākou a kūpaʻa i kā lākou hoa. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina ʻoi loa o ka makani a hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā kai o ka honua.
1
No ka ʻohana o nā manu kai nui - albatrosses (Diomedeidae), he kauoha o nā manu ihu-ihu.
He mau hiʻohiʻona ko nā ihu Piper:
- nuku nui me nā puka ihu tubular kahi e hoʻolei ʻia ai ka paʻakai nui i waho,
- ʻO kēia wale nō nā manu hānau hou (ka ʻāʻī mobile a me ka hoʻemi hapa o kekahi mau iwi) me ke ʻala maikaʻi.
- hoʻokuʻu i kahi mea me ka ʻala musky,
- Hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana wāwae ʻekolu e kahi pūnaewele,
- ʻO ko lākou lele ʻana ma luna o ka wai ke ʻauheʻe nei, a ma luna o ka ʻāina, ʻeleu a pōkole ko lākou lele ʻana.
2
Hoʻohana nā Albatrosses i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma luna o ke kai a me ke kai ākea.
Loaʻa lākou ma luna o ka Moana Hema (Antarctic Ocean, Southern Glacial Ocean), ka ʻAkelanika hema a me nā Moana Inia, a me ka Moana Pākīpika akau a me ka hema. I ka wā ma mua, noho pū ka albatross ma Bermuda, e like me ka ʻike ʻia e nā mōʻalihaku i loaʻa ma laila.
3
ʻEhā ʻohana ma ka ʻohana albatross: Phoebastria, Diomedea, Phoebetria a me Thalassarche.
- Aia i loko o ka genus Phoebastria nā ʻano ʻano: ʻeleʻele-maka, ʻeleʻele wāwae, Galapagos a me ka albatross huelo pōkole.
- No ka genus Diomedea: alibatross ali'i a me albatross auwana.
- No ka genus Phoebetria: ʻeleʻele a me ka albatross ʻeleʻele.
- No ka genus Thalassarche: poʻo melemele, poʻo hina, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, mua keʻokeʻo, poʻo hina, poʻo hina a me nā albatrosses hina.
4
He kino paʻa ko nā Albatrosses 71-135 knm ka lōʻihi.
He nuku nui ko lākou me ka hopena makau a me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi akā haiki.
5
He keʻokeʻo maʻamau kēia mau manu me ka ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha.
ʻO nā albatrosses wale nō o ka genus Phoebetria he ʻano ʻeleʻele like ʻole.
6
Wahi a ka puke pai Thermal Biology, ua hāʻawi ka noiʻi drone hou i kahi wehewehe i manaʻo ʻole ʻia no ka mea pohihihi o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻēheu albatross.
He keʻokeʻo nā ʻēheu Albatross ma lalo a ʻeleʻele ma luna (e laʻa, ka albatross auwana). Ua manaʻo ʻia he camouflage ke kala ʻelua (ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka manu lele mai lalo a mai luna). I kēia manawa, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o New Mexico State he ʻoi aku ka hāpai ʻana o nā ʻēheu leo ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili pono ka ʻili ʻeleʻele i ka lā a wela a hiki i 10 degere ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lalo. Hoʻemi kēia i ke kaomi ea ma ka ʻili o luna o ka ʻēheu, e hōʻemi ana i ka huki aerodynamic a hoʻonui i ka hāpai ʻana. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻohana i kēia hopena i ʻike ʻia e hana i nā drones i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kai.
7
ʻO nā Albatrosses nā mea lele maikaʻi loa.
Mahalo i ko lākou mau ʻēheu lōʻihi, haiki, ke kūpono ka makani, hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka lewa no nā hola. Hoʻohana lākou i nā manawa makani ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka wai no ka mea he poʻe ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa lākou. I ka holo ʻana, laka lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hopu i ka makani a lele kiʻekiʻe, a laila lele ma luna o ke kai.
8
Hiki i ka albatross makua ke lele 15 mika. km e lawe i ka meaʻai i kāu moa.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka lele ʻana i ka moana no kēia manu. Ua lele paha ka albatross he kanalima makahiki ma kahi o 6 miliona km. Lele lākou me ka makani me ka pā ʻole ʻana i nā ʻēheu. ʻO ka poʻe e makemake ana e lele kūʻē i ka makani e piʻi aʻe me ke au o ka ea, e kau i ko lākou ʻōpū i ka pali ma ka ʻaoʻao makani, a laila lana i lalo. Hoʻohana lākou i ka mana o ka makani a me ka umekaumaha a neʻe maʻalahi.
9
ʻO ka albatross auwana (Diomedea exulans) ka ʻēheu nui loa o nā manu ola (251-350 knm).
He 370 knm ka laula eheu o ka mea mooolelo. He like ko Andean condors me ka laula eheu like (a nae he uuku iho) (260-320 knm).
10
Hānai nā Albatrosses i ka moana ākea, akā i ka wā hānau wale nō e hiki ai iā lākou ke hānai i ka papa.
ʻAi nui lākou i ka hee a me ka iʻa, akā ʻai pū kekahi i nā crustaceans a me ka carrion. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻai mai ka ʻili o ka wai a i ʻole ma lalo pono. I kekahi manawa luʻu pāpaʻu lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka wai, 2-5 m i lalo. ʻAi nō hoʻi lākou ma nā awa a me nā koʻikoʻi, a loaʻa ka ʻai ma nā ʻauwai a me nā ʻōpala iʻa i hoʻolei ʻia mai nā moku. Hahai pinepine lākou i nā waʻa a luʻu no ka maunu, ʻo ia ka hopena pōʻino no lākou, no ka mea, hiki iā lākou ke piholo ke paʻa lākou i ke aho lawaiʻa.
11
Hoʻohana ʻo Albatrosses i ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa ma ka ʻāina; hana kēia i ka wā hānau.
He paʻakikī ko lākou pae ʻana ma ka ʻāina paʻa no ka mea he pōkole ko lākou wāwae, he ʻano o nā manu kai.
12
Hānau ʻo Albatrosses ma hope o 5-10 mau makahiki o ke ola.
He 7 ka albatross auwana, a hiki i ka 11 makahiki. Ua hoʻi ka albatross i ka ʻāina i ka wā male ma hope o ka noho ʻana i ka moana. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, he hoʻokamakama wale nō kēia, ʻaʻole i hōʻike mua i kahi pilina paʻa, akā e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mākau pilikanaka. ʻO nā manu lele i luna, hohola i ko lākou huelo, kuʻi, kīkoʻo i ko lākou ʻāʻī, pūliki kekahi i kekahi me ko lākou nuku, me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona e hāpai i ka ulu. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ʻelua makahiki. ʻO kēia mau manu, nona ka "hoʻopili" lōʻihi, e hoʻolimalima i ka manawa nui e puliki, hāʻawi i ka palupalu, mālama i ka hulu ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o kekahi.
13
ʻO ka pilina o Albatross i ke ola a pau, akā inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i kahi hoa hou inā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola mua.
ʻO ke kau hānau ʻana o nā albatrosses auwana a puni ka makahiki, no laila, hānau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā manu i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka hana hou ʻana i ke kauwela a ʻo ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa he 11 mahina. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, waiho ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua keʻokeʻo nui loa (ke kaumaha maʻamau 490 g). ʻO ka wahine ponoʻī ke kūkulu i ka pūnana, nona ke ʻano o ka puʻu mauʻu a me ka namu. He 78 mau lā ka lōʻihi o ka incubation. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana, mālama ʻia ka moa e nā mākua ʻelua. Holo nā ʻōpiopio ʻauwana albatrosses ma ka awelika he 278 mau lā ma hope o ka ʻili ʻana. ʻO nā albatross makua e hānai ana i kā lākou moa e hoʻohuli i kā lākou ʻai i ʻaila mānoanoa. Ke ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā mākua, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka moa i kona nuku ma ka diagonal a kāpī ka makua i kahi kahawai ʻaila. He hapaha hora ka hanai ana, a hiki i ka hapakolu o ke kaumaha o ka moa. He mau pule paha ka hanai hou ana. I kēia manawa, ulu nui ka moa i hiki i nā mākua ke hoʻomaopopo iā ia ma kona leo a ʻala wale nō, ʻaʻole ma kona helehelena.
14
He mau manu lōʻihi loa ke ola ʻana o Albatrosses, maʻamau e ola ana a hiki i 40-50 mau makahiki.
I kēia mau lā, ua puka mai ka ʻike e pili ana i kahi wahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Wisdom, ʻo ia ʻo 70 mau makahiki a ua ʻoi aku kona ola ma mua o kāna mau hoa male a me ka mea olaola nāna i hui mua iā ia i ka makahiki 1956. Ua hānau hou kēia wahine i kekahi keiki. ʻO ka moa, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo "ka manu ʻāhiu kahiko loa i ʻike ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala," i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Pepeluali 2021 ma ka Midway Atoll o Hawaii (ʻo ka mokupuni, me kahi ʻāpana he 6 km² wale nō, ʻo ia ka home o ka nui o ka honua hoʻohua nui o nā albatrosses, kokoke i ka helu. 2 kanaka). miliona pairs) he ʻāina mālama ʻāina ma ka Pākīpika ʻĀkau. ʻO ka makua kāne o ka moa ka hoa lōʻihi o Wisdom Akeakamay, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wahine mai kona mau makahiki ʻelua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hānai ʻo Wisdom ma luna o 2010 mau moa i kona wā e ola ana.
15
Ma waho aʻe o nā albatrosses, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi nā manu lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
Noho pinepine lākou i nā makahiki lōʻihi a hoʻouluhua a hiki i ka hopena. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ke pio ʻana hiki iā lākou ke ola ma kahi o 90 mau makahiki, a ma ka nahele - ma kahi o 40.
16
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano albatross aia i ka pōʻino o ka pau ʻana.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) i hoʻokahi ʻano, ʻo ka albatross ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ka Least Concern.
17
Ua manaʻo ka poʻe luina kahiko ua hānau hou ʻia nā ʻuhane o nā luina i make i loko o ke kino o nā albatrosses i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopau i kā lākou huakaʻi honua i ke ao o nā akua.
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