ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi

He aha ke ʻano o ka encephalitis viral?

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka hōʻino ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa kona hopena mai ka hoʻihoʻi piha ʻana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kīnā, ka make, a i ʻole ka maʻi neurological lōʻihi ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o ka maʻi mua.

No ka ʻohana flavivirus kēia maʻi virus (Flaviviridae) a he ʻekolu ʻano nui (subtypes):

1. Hikina loa.
2. ʻEulopa Waena.
3. ʻElua hawewe viral maningoencephalitis.

Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho ma nā ʻano he nui:

1. Feverish (ma kahi o 35-45% o nā hihia).
2. Meningeal (ma kahi o 35-45% o nā hihia).
3. ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī, hiki ke komo i nā hui like ʻole o nā ʻeha o ka lolo a me ke kuamoʻo (ma kahi o 1-10% o nā hihia).

I loko o 1-3% o ka poʻe i ho'ōla mai ka maʻi, lilo ka maʻi i mea maʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana mai ka maʻi mua, ʻike kekahi mau maʻi i nā pilikia neurological lōʻihi. Ma kahi o 40% o nā mea ola e loaʻa i ke koena postencephalitis syndrome, he hopena koʻikoʻi i ke olakino. I ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka nui o ka make mai ka maʻi encephalitis viral o ka Central European type ma kahi o 0,7-2%, aʻo ka nui o ka make mai ka Far Eastern form o kēia maʻi hiki ke hiki i 25-30%.

Pehea ʻoe e loaʻa ai i ka maʻi encephalitis viral i lawe ʻia e ka tick-borne?

Hoʻouna ʻia ka maʻi encephalitis maʻi maʻi i ke kanaka ma o ka nahu ʻana o nā ticks Ixodes i maʻi ʻia, e like me Ixodes persulcatus a me Ixodes ricinus. Hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ma o ka launa pū ʻana me nā holoholona e like me nā ʻīlio, nā pōpoki, a me nā kānaka, ʻo ia hoʻi ma o nā lole, nā mea kanu, nā lālā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka maʻi maʻi ke komo i loko o ke kino ma o ka ʻomi ʻana i ka ʻili, ke kaomi ʻana i ka ʻili a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana i ka wahi nahu.

Hiki ke ma'i ma muli o ka ho'ohana 'ana i ka waiū maka mai nā kao, kahi i loa'a ai ka ma'i ma'i i ka waiū i ka wā o ka hana tick. Pono e hoʻomaopopo he hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ma o ka waiū bipi.

Pilikia nā kānaka a pau i ka maʻi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki a me ke kāne. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi o ka poʻe e hana ana i ka nahele, e like me nā limahana ulu lāʻau, nā hui ʻimi ʻāina, nā mea hana i nā alanui a me nā kaʻaahi, nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea, nā laina uila, a me nā mākaʻikaʻi a me nā mea hahai holoholona. Loaʻa ka poʻe noho kūlanakauhale i ka maʻi ma nā ululāʻau suburban, nā paka ulu lāʻau a me nā pā māla.

ʻAi ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā holoholona like ʻole, e like me nā ʻano mahiʻai (nā bipi, hipa, kao, lio, kāmelo), nā ʻīlio (ʻīlio, pōpoki) a me nā ʻano hihiu (rodents, hares, hedgehogs a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), hiki ke lilo i waihona no ka manawa pōkole. virus.

Hoʻomaka ka manawa o ka hana o kēia mau ticks ma ke ʻano i ka pūnāwai a hiki i ʻOkakopa, me ka nui o nā ticks i ʻike ʻia i ka hapa mua o ke kauwela. Noho nui lākou ma nā ʻāina mahiʻai kahiko, nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa, nā kāʻei nahele, nā mauʻu a me nā biotopes pulu, e like me nā wahi kahakai o nā kino wai.

He aha nā hōʻailona nui o ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia e ka tick?

ʻO ka manawa incubation, mai ka manawa o ka maʻi a hiki i nā hōʻike mua o ke kino, ma kahi o 7-12 mau lā, akā hiki ke hoʻololi mai 1 a 30 mau lā. I kekahi manawa i loko o kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā precursors o ka maʻi, e like me ka malaise maʻamau, nāwaliwali i nā ʻiʻo o nā lālā a me ka ʻāʻī, ka numbness o ka ʻili o ka maka, ke poʻo, ka insomnia a me ka nausea.

Hoʻomaka koke ka maʻi me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino a hiki i 38-40 ° C, nā hōʻailona o ka ʻona (nāwaliwali koʻikoʻi, ka luhi, nā pilikia hiamoe) a me nā hōʻailona o ka huhū o nā membrane o ka lolo (nausea, luaʻi, poʻo nui, hiki ʻole ke kaomi. ka auwae i ka umauma). ʻO ka leʻaleʻa, ka ʻike ʻole o ka ʻike, ka ʻulaʻula o ka maka, ka ʻāʻī a me ka hapa o luna o ke kino. Hiki paha i ka mea maʻi ke ʻeha i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā haunaele o ka neʻe ʻana, a aia pū kekahi ma nā wahi o ka ʻili a i ʻole ke ʻano kolo, ke ahi a me nā mea ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe.

Ke ulu nei ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona nui e hoʻoholo ai i kona ʻano. ʻO ka pinepine, hōʻike ʻia ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole:

1. ʻO ke ʻano feverish, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻona nui, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau ka ho'ōla wikiwiki.
2. ʻO kahi ʻano me ka pōʻino i nā membrane o ka lolo, i hōʻike ʻia e ka maʻi poʻo nui, dizziness, nausea a me ka luaʻi, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa i ka mālama ʻana, a me ka photophobia a me ka lethargy. Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ke kino a he 7-14 lā ka lōʻihi o ke kuni. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wānana.
3. ʻO kahi ʻano me ka pōʻino i nā membrane a me nā mea o ka lolo, i hui pū ʻia me nā neʻe ʻino i nā lālā, ka lolo, a me nā hemahema o ka ʻike, ka lohe, ka ʻōlelo a me ka ʻai ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki mai ka hopu. Ua lohi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, a mau nā maʻi neʻe o ke ola.
4. He ʻano me ka pōʻino o ke kuamoʻo, i hōʻike ʻia e nā maʻi neʻe ma nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻāʻī a me nā lālā.
5. He ʻano me ka pōʻino i nā aʻa aʻalolo a me nā kaula, i hui pū ʻia me nā haunaele i ka naʻau a me ka neʻe ʻana i nā lālā.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Tick-borne encephalitis me kahi ʻano hawewe ʻelua o ke kuni. ʻO ka piʻi mua o ka mahana e hele maʻalahi me nā hōʻailona o ka ʻona a me ka huhū o ka meninges, a ʻo ka lua (ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻelua pule) me ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana o ke kiʻi lapaʻau me nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻO ka prognosis, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻololi i ka pae maʻi. ʻO ka encephalitis maʻi maʻi i nā keiki e loaʻa pinepine ma ke ʻano o ke kuni a i ʻole me nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino i nā membrane o ka lolo. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne maʻamau ke ola mau.

Pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho mai ka maʻi encephalitis viral?

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o nā hana pale e pili ana i nā hana e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi kūikawā. Hāʻawiʻia ka manaʻo nui i ka pale pilikino, kahi e mālama pono ai i nā hana maʻalahi a hiki ke loaʻa. Ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau hana a ua hōʻoia i ko lākou pono. ʻO kekahi o nāʻano maʻalahi a hilinaʻi loa o ka palekana pilikino,ʻo ia keʻaʻahu pono o nā lole maʻamau, e hoʻololi i nā lole pale. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i ke kola a me nā cuffs, e hoʻokomo i ka pālule i loko o nā pālule, a me nā pālule i nā kāmaʻa.

Kāohi nonspecific

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki i nā ticks ixodid ke lawe i nā ʻano maʻi maʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi i loko o ke kanaka.

ʻO ka borreliosis i lawe ʻia e ka tick-borne (Lyme disease), i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, ua pālahalaha ʻia ma ka Russian Federation. ʻOi aku ka ākea o ka māhele o kēia maʻi ma mua o ka Tick-borne encephalitis, e uhi ana i kēia manawa he 72 mau hui o ka Russian Federation, me ka ʻāina o Moscow a me ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā no ka pale ʻana i ka borreliosis i lawe ʻia.

Ma muli o ka pilikia e hiki mai ana, pono e mālama pono, koho i nā lole kūpono a hoʻohana i nā mea pale hou, e like me nā repellents, acaricides a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nā Kūlana Nui

Inā aia ʻoe ma kahi pilikia, he mea nui ka pale ʻana i ka lole i ke komo ʻana o nā ticks a ma ka manawa like e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kā lākou ʻike:

— Pono pono ke kola o ka palule i ke kino, me ka hoohana ana i ke kapa me ka puolo.
- Pono e komo ka pālule i loko o nā pālule a loaʻa nā lima lima lōʻihi, a ʻo nā ʻūhā o nā lima lima e pili pono i ke kino.
- Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā pālule i loko o nā kāmaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​kamaʻa, a ʻo nā pūkuʻu e hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
- Pono e uhi i kou poʻo a me kou ʻāʻī me kahi scarf a pāpale paha.
— Pono ke kapa ma ke kala like ole.
- No ka hele wāwae ʻana i ka nahele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kapa holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole.
— Pono nā hoʻokolokolo ponoʻī a me nā hui like ʻole no ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiko i hoʻopili ʻia. Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka nahele, pono e wehe i kou ʻaʻahu, lulu a nānā i kou kino.

ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e lawe mai i nā mea kanu hou i ʻohi ʻia, nā lole waho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka lumi. Pono e nānā ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Inā hiki, e pale i ka noho ʻana a i ʻole ka moe ʻana ma ka mauʻu. Ke koho ʻana i kahi e hoʻomoana ai a moe paha i ka pō i loko o ka ululāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka makemake i nā wahi me ka ʻole o ka mauʻu a i ʻole ke koho ʻana i nā ululāʻau paina maloʻo ma nā lepo one.

Nā mea hoʻolele

No ka pale ʻana i nā ʻili, hoʻohana ʻia nā repellents, i kapa ʻia he repellents, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi ʻili.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho ʻana i kahi repellent kūpono, ʻo ka mea mua, e kona haku ʻana a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana.

E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka honua, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake nui loa i nā repellents i loaʻa ka diethyltoluamide (DEET) ma kahi ʻano o 30-50%. ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā huahana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% DEET. ʻO nā mea pale me 20% DEET ka hopena no 3 mau hola, a ʻo ka poʻe me 30% a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hiki i 6 mau hola. Palekana nā mea hoʻopuʻu DEET no nā wahine hāpai a me nā wahine hānai, a no nā keiki ma mua o 2 mau mahina. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono ʻoe e heluhelu pono i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi.

I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā repellents, pono e hahai ʻia kekahi mau lula:

— Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻopololei i ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia.
- Pono e hoʻohana i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau (ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ka nui o nā waiwai i nā mea pale).
- Mai hoʻopili i ka repellent i nā ʻoki, nā ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻili ʻeha.
- Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai, ʻōlelo ʻia e holoi i ka repellent mai kou ʻili me ke kopa a me ka wai.
— I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aerosol, mai kāpī ʻia i loko o nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hanu paha.
— ʻAʻole pono e pākī ʻia ka aerosol ma ka maka: pono e pīpī ʻia ma nā lima a hamo mālie ma luna o ka maka, e pale aku i ka ʻāpana o ka maka a me ka waha.
- I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka repellent i nā keiki, pono e hoʻopili mua ke kanaka makua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ko lākou mau lima a laila e hāʻawi pono i ke keiki; E pale i ka maka a me ka waha o ke keiki a e hoemi i ka nui i hoohanaia ma na pepeiao.
- ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kau i nā lima o kāu keiki, no ka mea, hoʻokomo pinepine nā keiki iā lākou i loko o ko lākou waha.
— Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ka poʻe mākua i ka repellent i ke keiki ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki iā lākou iho, ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana i ke keiki ponoʻī.
— Pono e mālama ʻia nā mea hoʻopuʻi mai kahi e hiki ai i nā keiki.

Acaricides

ʻO nā Acaricides nā mea i loaʻa ka hopena maʻi maʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā lole. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana me ka alphamethrin a me ka permethrin.

Lawe ʻia ka disinsection i loko o ka foci kūlohelohe, a ma waho o lākou, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau insecticidal. Pili kēia i nā wahi e ʻai ai nā holoholona mahiʻai, a me nā wahi e pili ana i nā keʻena leʻaleʻa. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻoki i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka ninini ʻana i ka aila a i ʻole ke puhi ʻana.

Kāohi kikoʻī

E like me kaʻu hōʻano hope loa, aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kūpono i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka encephalitis viral. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne, Japanese encephalitis a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia e ka tick, e like me Encepur a me TicoVac, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Rūsia a me ʻEulopa. No ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e nīnau i ka noiʻi olakino a me nā ʻōlelo paipai mai nā hui olakino kūloko.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā nahu ʻia e ka ʻōpala?

Inā nahu ʻia ʻoe e ka lāʻau, pono ʻoe e wehe koke. No ka wehe ʻana i ka tick, e hoʻohana i nā tweezers a i ʻole kahi mea wehe kiʻi kūikawā. I ka wehe ʻana, e hoʻāʻo ʻaʻole e ʻomi i ke kino o ka tick e pale aku i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā maʻi. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana, mālama i ka wahi i nahu ʻia me kahi antiseptic. E noʻonoʻo i nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka tick, e like me ke kuni, ka ʻūlū, ke poʻo, nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona kānalua, e nīnau i ke kauka.

Manaʻo no ka wehe ʻana iā ʻoe iho

Pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā tweezers a i ʻole nā ​​manamana lima i ʻōwili ʻia i ka gauze e hopu ai i ka māka i kahi kokoke i kona waha. I ka huki ʻana, hoʻohuli i ka parasite a puni kona axis, pono ia e paʻa pololei i ka ʻili o ka nahu a hana i nā neʻe māmā. Inā hemo ke poʻo o ka ʻaʻa, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ka nila sterile a i ʻole waiho ʻia a hiki i ka wehe maoli ʻana. He mea nui e pale aku i ka ʻomi ʻana i ke kino o ka tick i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea i loko o ka ʻeha. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka tick, ʻōlelo ʻia e mālama i ka wahi nahu me ka tincture o iodine a i ʻole ka waiʻona. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i kou mau niho no ka wehe ʻana i kahi maʻi e pale aku i ka maʻi ma ka waha. E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i kahi kiko i mea e pale ai i ke komo ʻana o nā maʻi ma waena o nā microcracks i ka ʻili.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia e ka tick-borne

No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne, pono e hōʻoia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka tick suction a hoʻokumu i ka hopena o ka wahi no ka encephalitis maʻi. Hana ke kauka i ka nānā pono ʻana i ka mea maʻi, me ka nānā ʻana i ka neurological holoʻokoʻa, i mea e kāpae ʻia ai nā maʻi infectious a me nā maʻi ʻole i hele pū ʻia me nā hōʻailona like.

ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka titer o nā antibodies IgM a me IgG i ka maʻi encephalitis i lawe ʻia ma ka manawa.

ʻO wai ke kauka e pono iaʻu e hoʻopili inā manaʻo wau he encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick?

Inā manaʻo ʻoe i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne, pono ʻoe e kelepona i kahi neurologist a i ʻole loea maʻi maʻi no ke kūkākūkā a me ka mālama hou ʻana.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻopiʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi encephalitis

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka tick-borne encephalitis me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antivirals, antibiotics, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi ai i ka mumū a hoʻomaha i nā hōʻailona. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana hoʻoponopono a me ka mālama kākoʻo e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana kino.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka encephalitis e pili ana i ka tick-borne e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā repellents, nā lole pale, acaricides, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi i ka poʻe e noho ana a i ʻole e hele ana i nā ʻāina endemic. Eia hou, he mea nui e pale aku i ka pili ana me ka ma'i, e nana pono i kou kino ma hope o ka hele ana i ka nahele, a e hahai i na hana pale i hoakakaia ma na olelo paipai no ka pale ana i ka nahu.