Tick ​​​​Infection Testing: He Algorithm no ka ʻike ʻana i kahi Parasite e ʻike ai i ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi.

Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā ʻoki

Noho ʻo Ixodes ticks, ka mea weliweli loa no ke kanaka, i ka nahele a me ka nahele-steppe zone. ʻO kā lākou mau wahi punahele he mau ululāʻau deciduous haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hui pū ʻia. Nui nā pests i loaʻa ma lalo o nā awāwa ulu lāʻau, ma nā lau, ma nā lau nahele. I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻouka nui nei nā ticks i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona i ke kaona o ke kūlanakauhale: nā paka, nā ʻāpana a me nā pā hale.

No ke aha e pōʻino ai nā kuʻi i nā kānaka?

ʻO ka pilikia nui o nā parasites aia i ko lākou hiki ke lawe i nā maʻi i ke kumu kumu o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau maʻamau ka:

• encephalitis;
• borreliosis (maʻi Lyme);
• piroplasmosis;
• erlichiosis;
• anaplasmosis.

ʻO kēia mau maʻi ke kumu o ke kīnā ʻole o ke kanaka, e hoʻopilikia ai i nā maʻi neʻe a me ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka luku ʻana i nā kino o loko. ʻO ka encephalitis maʻi ʻino loa: i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka hopena ke make.

Pehea e pale ai i ka nahu ʻana

ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula maʻalahi i ka wā e hele ai i ka nahele e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o kahi koko koko a ma muli o ka hopena, ka maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi weliweli:

• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pale pilikino: hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka repellent a me ka acaricidal ma ke ʻano o nā sprays a me nā aerosol no nā kānaka, nā kola a me nā hāʻule no nā holoholona;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole o nā kala māmā - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka parasite ma luna o ka manawa;
• Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā lole waho i loko o nā pālule, ʻo nā wēlau o nā pālule - i loko o nā pūkini a me nā kāmaʻa;
• pono e uhi ʻia ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo me kahi scarf a i ʻole hood;
• i ka wā e hele ai, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā manawa no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ticks ma ke kino a me nā lole.

He aha kāu e hana ai inā e nahu ʻia ʻoe e ka ʻōpala

Pono e wehe ʻia ka māka a hāʻawi ʻia i ka hale hana i loko o 24 mau hola ma hope o ka nahu ʻia. No ka wehe ʻana i ka parasite, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kikowaena trauma a i ʻole ke keʻena ma kahi o ka noho ʻana.

I ka wehe ʻana i kahi māka iā ʻoe iho, pono ʻoe e mālama i nā ʻōlelo aʻe:

Ma hea e lawe mai ai i kahi māka no ka nānā ʻana

Lawe ʻia ka māka i ke keʻena microbiological no ka nānā ʻana. E like me ke kānāwai, loaʻa ia mau laboratories ma ke kikowaena o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka epidemiology, a me nā keʻena olakino pilikino he nui.

ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana o kahi ʻeke

Nānā ʻia nā mea koko koko e nā ʻano ʻelua:

1. PCR - DNA / RNA o nā pathogens o ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick, borreliosis, anaplasmosis a me ehrlichiosis, rickettsiosis.
2. ʻO ELISA kahi antigen o ka maʻi maʻi encephalitis.

Hōʻike no ke kumu o ka haʻawina

Manaʻo ʻia e lawe i kahi māka no ka nānā ʻana i nā hihia āpau me ka ʻole. E ʻae kēia i ka manawa pōkole loa e loiloi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi me nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka tick a lawe i nā hana kūpono i ka manawa kūpono.

Hoʻomākaukau no ke kaʻina hana

Pono e waiho ʻia ka parasite i unuhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana pulupulu i loko o kahi pahu kūikawā a i ʻole kekahi pahu me kahi poʻi paʻa.

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau kiko i lawe ʻia mai nā poʻe like ʻole i loko o ka pahu hoʻokahi.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka parasite ola i loko o ka friji ma kahi mahana o +2-8 degere ma mua o ka hoʻokolokolo. Ma muli o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka encephalitis a me ka lōʻihi o ke aʻo ʻana, pono e nānā ʻia ka māka i ka lā o ka wehe ʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka maʻi maʻi

ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā mea maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka manawa o ka omo ʻana i ka tick i ka mea i pepehi ʻia. Eia kekahi, ua wehewehe ʻia nā mea kumu o ka maʻi a me nā hōʻike hōʻike o ka maʻi.

He aha ka mea e pili ai i ka hopena

Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa o nā haʻawina PCR i ka wā e hoʻokō ʻia ai nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia.

ʻO ka hana maʻamau

Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano "ʻaʻole i loaʻa". ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻāpana RNA a i ʻole DNA kikoʻī i loaʻa i loko o ke kino o ka tick.

Nā hōʻailona wehewehe

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau haʻawina ma ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana DNA a me RNA o nā pathogens o nā maʻi i lawe ʻia i loko o ke kino o ka parasite. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā mea hōʻailona kahi ʻano quantitative, hiki ke ʻike ʻia (a laila e hōʻike ka pane o ka hale hana i ka "ʻike ʻia") a i ʻole (e hōʻike ʻia ka pane "ʻaʻole i loaʻa").

Ka wehewehe ʻana i nā inoa o nā pathogens i lawe ʻia e nā ticks:

• Tick-borne encephalitis Virus, TBEV — ke kumu kumu o ka ma'i ma'i ma'i;
• ʻO Borrelia burgdorferi sl - ke kumu kumu o ka borreliosis, ka maʻi Lyme;
• ʻO Anaplasma phagocytophilum ka mea kumu o ka anaplasmosis granulocytic kanaka;
• ʻO Ehrlichia chaffeensis/E.muris-FL ka mea kumu o ka ehrlichiosis.

He laʻana o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hopena o ka noiʻi:

• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi encephalitis maʻi maʻi, TBEV - ʻike ʻia;
• Borrelia burgdorferi sl - ʻaʻole i loaʻa.

I ka laʻana i hāʻawi ʻia, ua loaʻa ka maʻi i aʻo ʻia me ka encephalitis, akā ʻaʻole me ka borreliosis.

ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo hou i ka hihia o ka deviation mai ka maʻamau

Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā i ka māka no ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka maʻi o ka mea i nahu ʻia, pono ia e hana i kahi loiloi quantitative o IgM class antibodies i ka tick-borne encephalitis virus. I ka hihia o ka maʻi me ka encephalitis, ʻike ʻia nā antibodies 10-14 mau lā ma hope o ka nahu ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ke lawe i nā hoʻokolohua no ka encephalitis ma hope koke o ka nahu ʻana - ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i kekahi mea.