He aha ke ʻano o ka lele "CC": kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻēheu mai ʻApelika
ʻO ka lele tsetse he mea ʻino ʻole ia, akā hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i waena o nā ʻenemi hiki ʻole ke luku ʻia o ke kanaka. Hiki i kāna nahu ke pepehi maʻalahi i ke kanaka, a makaʻu ka poʻe mahiʻai e kūkulu i nā ʻāpana mahiʻai kokoke i kona wahi noho.
Nā mea
- Ke kumu o ka ʻano a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka lele tsetse
- ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā lele tsetse
- He aha ka lele tsetse weliweli
- Nā ʻano hoʻomalu lele ʻo Tsetse
- Lele nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka tsetse i ke ʻano
- Ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana o ka lele tsetse
- ʻO nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i ka lele tsetse a me kāna nahu
Ke kumu o ka ʻano a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka lele tsetse
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tsetse kekahi o nā ʻano pepeke kahiko loa. Ua loaʻa nā nalo mōʻalihaku ma nā moena mōʻalihaku ma Colorado, i waiho ʻia ma kahi o 34 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO Tsetse ke ʻano o ka "lele" ma ka ʻōlelo Tswana a me Bantu.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o ka inike
Ma hea kahi e lele ai ka tsetse?
Noho wale nā lele tsetse hou ma ka ʻāina ʻApelika.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka lele tsetse?
ʻAi wale ka pest i ke koko. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia he ʻāhiu, holoholona a me nā kānaka. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, lele ʻo ia i kahi mamao loa ke huki ʻia e kahi holoholona koko pumehana. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā holoholona artiodactyl nui - nā antelope, nā buffalo, a me nā hares, nānā i nā moʻo, nā crocodiles, a me nā manu like ʻole.
Hiki i ka ʻinikena ke inu i ka wai e like me kona paona ponoʻī; i ke kaʻina hana ʻana, hoʻonui nui ʻia kona ʻōpū.
Ka hana hou a me ke ola o ka lele tsetse
ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā iniseti, ʻaʻole waiho nā nalo ʻApelika i nā hua, akā lawe ʻia i loko o kahi ʻeke kūikawā. Hoʻokahi wale nō male ʻana o nā pests, hoʻomohala hoʻi nā larvae i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻOiai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hānai lākou i nā mea huna o kahi gland kūikawā.
No ka hoʻomohala intrauterine o ka larva, pono ka wahine i 3 mau ʻai. ʻO ka nele iki o nā meaʻai e alakaʻi i ka hāʻule. Hoʻoulu ka larva i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine no 1-2 mau pule, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a hoʻomau ka wahine i ka hānau ʻana i ka larva ma kahi o 9 mau lā a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. I kona ola ʻana, hānau ka wahine i 8-10 mau ʻōpio.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ma hope o kekahi mau hola, komo ka larva i ka lepo, kahi e pupa ai. ʻO kēia pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana no 3-4 mau pule.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ke ola tsetse ka mokuʻāina makua. I loko o 12-14 mau lā, ʻoʻo ka lele ʻōpio, a laila male a, inā he wahine, e waiho i kāna larva mua. Noho nā mākua ma kahi o 6-7 mahina.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka nohona a me ka nohona o ka lele tsetse
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā lele tsetse
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano pest i 3 mau pūʻulu.
He aha ka lele tsetse weliweli
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tsetse kekahi o nā pepeke weliweli loa o ka honua. Lawe ia i nā maʻi maʻi make - revolver a me trypanosomiasis. ʻO ke kumu kumu o nā maʻi he protozoa, i komo i loko o ke kino o ka lele i ka hana ʻana i ke koko o kahi holoholona maʻi.
I loko o ka ʻōpū o ka nalo, hoʻonui ʻia nā parasite, a ke nahu ʻia, hoʻoili ʻia lākou i ka mea i pepehi ʻia me ka kohu o ka ʻiniko.
ʻO ka maʻi Nagan i nā holoholona
Pilikia nā holoholona i kēia maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻi o ka pipi, ka lio a me ka puaʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ka mahiʻai inā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i nā holoholona i ka trypanosomiasis, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hānai pipi ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā haneli he nui. No ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o tsetse i nā holoholona, pono e ʻai i ka pō.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi:
- ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā hāʻule;
- ka luhi nui, ka emi o ka hana;
- ka pehu ʻana i ka dewlap, nā lālā a me nā ʻōpū;
- kahe wai mai ka maka a me ka ihu;
- wela;
- emi i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka waiū a me ka ʻiʻo.
Ma kahi o 3 miliona mau holoholona make i nā revolvers i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka maʻi hiamoe
ʻO ka trypasonoma ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi hiamoe - he mea tortuous, hoʻokahi-celled organism, 20-30 microns ka nui. Hiki ke loa'a ka ma'i hiamoe ma o ka nahu pepeke.
Hoʻopilikia nui ka maʻi i ke kanaka a me nā ʻōnaehana pale.
Ma hope o ka nahu ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pehu me ke anawaena o 1-2 cm ma ke kahua o ka ʻeha, me ke kaomi ʻana i ka ʻeha. A liʻuliʻu ma hope mai, hana ʻia nā chancres ma nā lima a me nā wāwae o ke kanaka, i waho e like me nā ʻōpala. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule, ho'ōla lākou a loaʻa nā ʻōpala ma ko lākou wahi.
ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi hiamoe:
- ʻeha ma nā ʻiʻo a me nā hui;
- ke kuni a me ke kuni;
- ʻo ka hiamoe, ka huikau;
- numbness o nā lālā, impaired coordination.
Nā ʻano maʻi hiamoe
Aia ʻelua ʻano o ka trypanosomiasis: ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika Latin. I ka huli ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ʻo ʻApelika i 2 mau ʻano.
| ʻAno maʻi | Nā hōʻailona hiʻona |
|---|---|
| ʻApelika Komohana (Gambia) maʻi hiamoe | ʻO Glossina palpalis kona vector. Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi e kahi papa lōʻihi, hiki i 2 mau manawa. Hōʻike ʻia ka mua e kahi papa latent, me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ke kanaka i ka ʻeha poʻo, kahi kuni liʻiliʻi, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili. ʻO ka papa huna e alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e lilo ka maʻi i mea maʻi, kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ai nā hōʻailona, hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana nerve e hāʻule. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka haʻalulu haʻalulu o nā lālā, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki mai ka maʻi lolo, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hakakā i ka hiamoe, a hiki mai nā pilikia noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēia pae o ka maʻi he 7-8 mahina. |
| ʻAno Hikina (Rheodesian). | Hōʻike ʻia ia e kahi ala wikiwiki a me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi. E like me ke kānāwai, make ma hope o 6 mahina. Hoʻopilikia ka mea kumu i ka naʻau a me ka lolo o ke kanaka. ʻO Glossina morsitan ka mea lawe i ka maʻi. |
Lapaau moe
Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka maʻi ma ka pae mua wale noke hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia ka ʻōnaehana nerve. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, ʻo ka hana e kuhikuhi ana i ka luku ʻana i ka pathogen - pentamidine a me suramin. Lapaʻau ʻana i ka maʻi i ka lua o ka pae paʻakikī, no kēia mea hoʻohana lākou i nā lāʻau ikaika e hōʻike ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao - hoʻonui i ke koko, arrhythmia, nausea a me ka luaʻi.
ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana ma muli o ka hiki o ka parasite-causative agent e hoʻololi mau a hoʻomohala i ke kū'ē i nā mea ikaika o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā ʻano hoʻomalu lele ʻo Tsetse
I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hoʻomalu i ka lele tsetse.
| ʻĀina wela | No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pest, ua luku lākou i nā holoholona a pau, ke koko āna i hānai ai. I ka wā mua, ua hōʻike kēia ʻano hana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, akā ma hope ua ʻike ʻia he mea ʻole ka hanana: hānai ʻia nā tsetse i ke koko o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā mea kolo a me nā manu. |
| Hoʻopau nāhelehele | Ua like ke ʻano me ka mea ma mua: ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e hoʻonele i ke ʻano o kona ola maʻamau i ka manaʻolana e hoʻomaka ka poʻe e make. Eia naʻe, i ka wā lōʻihi, ua ʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ala. |
| Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika. | Hoʻopili ʻia nā pesticides a me nā insecticides ma luna o nā wahi noho o tsetse me ke kōkua o nā mokulele. ʻAʻole kēia mau hana i lawe mai i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia. |
| ʻOi | No ka hana ʻana i nā pahele, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻili ʻeleʻele o ka pipi a i ʻole ka lole i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻala o nā holoholona - mimi a i hana ʻia paha, e hoʻohālike ana i ka hanu. Kōkua ke ala e hōʻemi i ka heluna tsetse, akā ma kēia ala ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i nā mea āpau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia mau maunu no ka pale ʻana i ka heluna kanaka a me nā holoholona, pono e kau iā lākou a puni nā wahi noho a me nā mea kanu. |
| Kane sterilization | Hoʻopili ʻia nā kāne me ka radiation a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻomoe i nā hua i hoʻomomona ʻia, e hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe loa ma Zanzibar. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pale wai me nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hāʻule nā kāne olakino i ka ʻāina a hānai hou nā nalo. I kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā aia wale nō i kēlā mau wahi i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai. |
Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka hoʻohana paʻakikī o nā ʻano 3 hope loa e kōkua i ka luku ʻana i ka heluna pest, akā pono kēia i ka manawa nui.
Lele nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka tsetse i ke ʻano
Ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻo Tsetse. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano manu ke hoʻohana i kā lākou ʻai, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ke kumu mau, akā i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o ka lele, ʻo ia ke kanaka e ʻimi nei e luku iā ia no nā kumu maopopo.
Ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana o ka lele tsetse
ʻO kahi o kahi noho o ka parasite ma kahi o 10 miliona km2. ʻO kēia ka wao nahele i kapa ʻia. ʻO ka pinepine, aia nā lepo momona ma kēia wahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ma muli o ke alo o nā lele tsetse ma luna o lākou.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā moku'āina kahi e noho ai ʻo tsetse aia ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune, a ʻo ke kūlana o ka noho ʻana ma kēia mau ʻāina i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka honua. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻomohala ka papahana hui i nā ʻano hana hoʻomalu pest, akā ʻo nā ʻano hana a pau i hoʻomohala ʻia he pili wale nō.
ʻO nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i ka lele tsetse a me kāna nahu
He pepeke weliweli ʻo Tsetse ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻopau i nā kenekulia, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā hoʻomohala hou ke kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia. Nui nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i ka nahu a me kāna mau nahu e pono ke ʻike:
- Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka nalo. No ka laʻana, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Bernhard Grzimek ke kākoʻo holoholona hihiu e pale ana ka lele tsetse i ke ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia mai ke komo ʻana o ka lāhui.
- ʻAʻole hoʻouka ka nalo i nā zebra, no ka mea, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ko lākou mau maka, akā hoʻouka pinepine lākou i kahi mīkini kaʻa, me ka manaʻo he holoholona koko pumehana.
- Ma kahi o 30 mau kānaka make i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻApelika ma muli o Tsetse.
- Lele leo ʻole ka pest, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo "silent threat".